• 5 Possible violation of human rights

 FACTS
 ISSUE
 VIOLATON
 LEGAL BAsiS
CHILD LABOR AND EXPLOITATION
 CHILD LABOR AND EXPLOITATION

o Fact: According to International Labor Organization (ILO), as estimated 152

Million children worldwide are engaged in child labor, with nearly half engaged in
Hazardous work.

o Issue: Lack of access to education: Child labor deprives children of

educational opportunities and hampers their long-term development. Many
child laborers are unable to attend school regularly or drop out together,
perpetuating a cycle of poverty.
o Violation: Long Working Hours: Violations occur when children are
made
to work excessively long hours, depriving them of their right to rest, leisure, and
education. This can lead to physical and mental health problems, lack of proper
growth and development, and reduced access to education.

o Legal Basis: International Human Rights Law: Children labor and

exploitation also violate several provisions of international human rights law,
including the right to education, the right to health, and the right to protection
from all forms of abuse, violence, and exploitation.
TORTURE OR CRUEL IN HUMAN DEGRADING
TREATMENT
TORTURE OR CRUEL, INHUMAN, OR DEGRADING
TREATMENT

o Fact: Torture can be severe and pervasive, including physical injuries,

Psychological trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression,
And other mental health disorders.

o Issue: Physical and Psychological Consequences: The physical and

psychological consequences of torture and cruel treatment are severe and long
lasting. Victims often suffer from physical injuries, wounds, and long –term
health issue like chronic pain. Psychological effects include post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and a range of mental disorders.
o Violations: Physical Torture: This involves the intention infliction of severe
pain or suffering, often through methods such as beatings, electric shocks,
suffocation, or sexual violence.

o Legal Basis: Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR): Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, the UDHR
proclaims that “no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment”, While the UDHR is not a binding treaty, it has
been widely recognized as a international sources of international human rights
law.
DiSCRImination BASED ON GENDER OR SEXUAL
ORIENTATION
DISCRIMINATION BASED ON GENDER OR
SEXUAL ORIENTATION

o Fact: Discrimination based in gender or sexual orientation is a distressing

And pervasive issue that has been documented and observed across various
Societies and culture.

o Issue: Violence and hate crimes: Discrimination can lead to hate crimes
and violence against individuals based on their gender or sexual orientation,
creating a hostile and dangerous environment.
o Violation: Discrimination based on gender or sexual orientation is a
serious violation of human rights and is considered unethical and unlawful in many
countries around the world. There are several international conventions and laws
that aim to protect individuals from such discrimination.

o Legal Basis: Universal Declaration of Human Rights

( UDHR):Adopted
by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, the UDHR states in Article 2 that
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the declaration
without discrimination of any kind, including gender and sexual orientation.
EXTRA JUDICIAL KILLING
 EXTRA JUDICIAL KILLING

o Fact: If any killing occurs by the law reinforcement battalion of the country
outside the authority of the court will be known as extrajudicial killing.

o Issue: War on drugs in the Philippines. Since the election of Rodrigo

Duterte in June 2016, a violent war on drugs has claimed upwards of 5,000
lives in the Philippines.
o Violation: The right to freedom from execution. While life is the most
basic of rights, many individuals are robbed of this through the unjust practice
of extrajudicial killing, which is the deliberate killing of a persons without a fair
and unbiased trial by jury.

o Legal Basis: Article 6 Paragraph 1 of the International Covenant on

Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Equality and Human Rights Commission states
that every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be
protected by law.
 MINIMUM
WAGE
REPUBLIC ACT NO.602 , AN ACT TO ESTABLISH
A MINIMUM WAGE LAW AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
o Fact: The purpose of minimum wages is to protect workers against unduly
low pay. They help ensure a just and equitable share. Minimum wage systems
should not be seen or used in isolation, but should be designed in a way to
supplement and reinforce other social and employment policies. Several types
of measures can be used to tackle income and all market inequality, including
Pro-employment policies, social transfers, and creating an enabling environment for
sustainable enterprises.
o Issue: Failure to pay the required minimum wage entails serious penalty.
The employer may be punished with a fine of at least 25,000 to 100,000 and or
imprisonment of at least two years to four years.

o Violation: Any person corporation, trust, form, partnership, or entity

which refuses or fails to pay any of the prescribe, increases or adjustment in the
wage rates made in occurrence. With this act shall be punished by a fine not less
the (25,000) nor more than (100,000).
o Legal Basis: The law prescribes a minimum wage required to be
observed by the employers. Violations of minimum wage may result in double
indemnity and or criminal liability. The RTWPB may provide for exemptions,
including those Micro business Enterprises. Minimum wage earners are exempt
from income tax.