CRITICAL & ANALYTICAL

READING
Prepared By:
Ms. Fareeha Umar
 INTRODUCTION

Critical reading is a rigorous process designed to

test your patience and stretch your intellect.
Readers should have in mind a strategy for critical
reading that involves more than underlining or
highlighting.
Critical reading is an active process, and requires a
pencil in hand with specific operations to perform
while reading.
 CONTI….

 Everyone should make an effort to learn and

practice critical reading skills.
 Critical reading means that a reader applies
certain processes, models, questions, and theories
that result in enhanced clarity and comprehension.
 There is more involved, both in effort and
understanding, in a critical reading than in a mere
"skimming" of the text.
 CONTI….

 The ability to reinterpret and reconstruct for

improved clarity and readability is also a
component of critical reading.
 The identification of possible ambiguities and
flaws in the reasoning and ability to address them
comprehensively, are essential to this process of
critical reading. 
 IMPORTANCE OF CRITICAL
READING

 The aim of critical reading is not to find fault, but to

assess the strength of the evidence and the argument.
 It is just as useful to conclude that a study that presents
very strong evidence and a well-reasoned argument, as
it is to identify the studies that are weak.
 To discover author's argument to understand the texts.
 It helps to organize main ideas from a given topic.
 It helps to understand more difficult reading assignment
and to obtain a better understanding for what was read.
 TYPES OF CRITICAL
READING

 SQ3R is five-step technique that you can use to learn

more effectively, and to increase your retention of
written information.
 It helps you to focus what you need from a document,
and to create a clear structure for the information in
your mind.
 The method was introduced by Francis P. Robinson,
an American education philosopher in his 1946 book
Effective Study.
 SQ3R
Following the SQ3R:
 Survey.
 Question
 Read
 Recite
 Review
 THE PROCESS OF CRITICAL
READING

 Step 1: Analyze the task and break down the

assignment into component parts
 Step 2: Begin research
 Step 3: Pre-reading activities
 Step 4: Make a list of questions
 Step 5: Deep reading
 Step 6: Make notes
 Step 7: Evaluate article
 Step 8: Mind map from memory
 5 CRITICAL READING
TECHNIQUES

 Survey – Know what you're looking for! Before

you crack open your book, take a few minutes to
read the preface and introduction, and browse
through the table of contents and the index. ...
 Ask questions.
 Read actively.
 Respond to your own questions.
 Record key concepts.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
CRITICAL READING

The most characteristic features of critical reading

are that you will:
 examine the evidence or arguments presented in a
context.
 check out any influences on the evidence or
arguments.
 check out the limitations of study design or focus.
 Examine the interpretations made; and decide to
what extent you are prepared to accept the authors’
arguments, opinions, or conclusions.
 READING TECHNIQUES

READING TECHNIQUES: Five Step Approach

 Orientation Goal: Pre-reading preparation.
 Skimming. Goal: To get the general meaning (gist) of
the story without trying to decode exactly what each
word means.
 Scanning: searching for specific information.
 Decoding: understanding of message.
 Global Understanding:  To build the skills,
knowledge, and flexibility necessary to thrive in an
interconnected world.