DRAVYA

Prof.Mahesh Chand Gupta

Department of Samhita Siddhant,
Govt.Ayurved College Vadodara
mcgupta.76@gmail.com

1
INTRODUCTION
It is one among the six Padartha accepted by Vaisheshika &
Ayurved Darshana (and 7 accepted by Nyaya Darshana).
Sushruta established superiority of Dravya because Rasa,
Guna, Virya etc. are dependant on it and so it is very
important from point of view of treatment.
Dravya is first Bhava Padarth. Dravya is one, which
possesses:
A quality
An action
Coexists at the same time

2
 DEFINITION

यत्राश्रिताः कर्मगुणाः कारणं समवायि यत् | तद्द्रव्यं ... | Ch.Su.1/51

द्रव्यलक्षणं तु ‘क्रियागुणवत् समवायिकारणम्’ इति || Su.Su.40/3
क्रिया गुणवत् समवायिकारणं द्रव्यलक्षणं। वै. द.
द्रव्यत्वजातिमत्वं गुणवत्वं समवायिकारणत्वं वा द्रव्यसामान्य लक्षणम्। Ta.Sa.
Charak: that which is substratum of action (Karma) and Qualities
(Guna) and is the co-existent cause, is known as Dravya (substance).
the same definition has been also accepted by Sushruta &
Vaisheshika darshana.
Guna & Karma need a substratum to show their existence.
Virechana is Karma and it can be expressed only when it exists in
any Virechana drug. Walking is an action and it can be expressed
only when it exists in a man, animal or machine. Honesty is a quality
that can be expressed only when it exists in some living being.
3
‘यत्’ Pratyaya is added to ‘द्रु’ गतौ Dhatu. There are three meaning of
Gati: Jnana, Gaman & Prapti.
Verb Root- ‘द्रु’ गतौ ; suffix: ‘यत्’

द्रवति गच्छति परिणाममभिक्ष्णमिति द्रव्यम्।

द्रवति गच्छति संयोग विभागादि गुणानिति वा द्रव्यम्।
Which reaches to result or which reaches to combination & separation.

4
 CLASSIFICATION

As per uses

Dravya

Ahara Aushadha

4 – Ashita,
Aharatv 2- Hita 6 types as 20 – As per
Khadita,
per taste Guna, innumerable
a & Ahita Peeta,
Madhuradi Gurvadi
Lidha

5
 Dravya

Karana Karya
Dravya dravya

9 [5 Mahabhuta,
Atma, Mana, Innumerable
Kala, Disha]

पृथिव्यापस्तेजो वायुराकाशं कालो दिगात्मा मन इति द्रव्याणि। वै. द.

खादीन्यात्मा मनः कालो दिशश्च द्रव्यसङ्ग्रहः | Ch.Su.1/48

6
 Antah
chetan
Chetan
Bahirantah
Chetana
Dravya
Prakrita
Achetana
Kritrima

7
Karya Dravya are broadly classified into two groups. They
are Chetana (living) and Achetana (non-living).
Substances with sensory organs are Chetana dravya and
substances without sensory organs are Achetana Dravya.
सेन्द्रियं चेतनं द्रव्यं, निरिन्द्रियमचेतनम् || Ch.Su.1/48
Chetana Dravya are subdivided into Bahischetana (showing
external activities) and Antaschetana (showing internal
activities) Dravya.
Achetana Dravya: all the non-living substances like mineral
come under this category.

8
 Without flower,
Vanaspati with fruit;
Udumbara, Vata

With flower &

Vanaspatya fruit; Neema,
Mango etc.
Antah chetan
Creeper;
Virudha Guduchi,
Draksha

Destroy after
Aushadhi fruit ripen; Yava,
Godhuma

9
ANTAHCHETANA DRAVYA

They are again divided into 4 groups:

1. Vanaspati: trees they do not bear clearly
visible flowers but bear fruits. Eg. Banyan
trees.
2. Vanaspatya: trees bearing both fruits and
flowers. Eg. Mango, guava etc.
3. Virudha: Creepers like Gududhi, Drakhsa.
4. Aushadhi: plants that live only till the crop
is reaped. Eg. Rice, wheat etc.

10
 Placenta origin;
Jarayuja
human, tiger

Egg origin;
Andaja birds, snakes
Bahirantah etc.
chetan
Sweat origin;
Swedaja
Yuka

Soil origin;
Udbhijja
Frog

11
BAHIRANTAHCHETANA DRAVYA

They are again divided into 4 groups:

1. Jarayuja: animals taking birth from
placenta. Eg. Humans and mammals.
2. Andaja: Animals taking birth from eggs. Eg.
Birds, reptiles.
3. Swedaja: animals taking birth in moisture.
Eg. Krimi or insects.
4. Udbhijja: Creatures that come out of the
earth. Eg. earthworm etc.

12
 ACHETANA DRAVYA

These are subdivided into two groups. They are:

1. Khanija: all the minerals come into this
category.
2. Kritrima: artificially created substances come
into this category.

13
 Dravya

Madhura Amla Lavana Katu Tikta Kashaya

skandha Skandha skandha skandha skandha skandha

Yashti, Changeri, Marich, Guduchi,

Saindhava Haritaki
Milk Dadima Sunthi Patola

14
 Dravya

Pratyaksha Apratyaksha

15
ACCORDING TO NATURE

Dravya

Agneya Saumya
16
ACCORDING TO PRABHAVA

Dravya

Dhatu Pradushana
Dosha Prashamana Swastha hitkar
e.g. Avi ksheer,
e.g. Guduchi, Visha, Mandaka, e.g. Madhu,
Amalaki, Duralabha Yavaka Sharkara, Shali etc.

17
ACCORDING TO ORIGIN

Dravya

Jangama Audbhid Parthiva

e.g. Honey, e.g. fruit, e.g. Gold,
milk etc. flower etc. Silver etc.

18
ACCORDING TO COMPOSITION
Dravya

Akashiya

Vayaviya

Agneya

Jaliya

Parthiva

19
सेन्द्रियं चेतनं द्रव्यं, निरिन्द्रियमचेतनम् || Ch.Su.1/48

Dravya

Chetana Achetana

With Without
Indriya Indriya

20
According to Charak: as per their Karma, 50
Mahakashaya are described like Jeevaniya,
Bruhaniya, Bhedaniya etc.
Each Mahakashaya= 10 drugs.
Charak: 12 groups of Ahara Dravya- described.

21
 KARAN DRAVYA

Number: 9
खादीन्यात्मा मनः कालो दिशश्च द्रव्यसङ्ग्रहः | Ch.Su.1/48
 Khadi – 5 Mahabhuta- Akash, Vayu, Agni, Jala,
Pruthvi
 Atma
 Mana
 Kala
 Disha

22
THANK
YOU