MARKING SCHEME

 Attendance/Class Participation: 5%
 Quizzes: 10%
 Assignments: 10%
 Mid Semester: 25%
 End Semester: 50%

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 CONTENTS
 Industrial Health, Safety and Environment (HSE)
 Industry and Environment
 Industry and Safety
 Impact of Industrialization on Society
 Mass Balance System/Equation
 Damage Due to Industrialization
 Birth of Global Issues
 HSE – A Critical Business Activity
 Environmental Policy
 Sustainable Development
 Development ff Industrial Technology
 Education
 The Ultimate Goal

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 INDUSTRIAL HSE

 HSE stands for Health, Safety and Environment.

 Here health addresses the health of industrial workers (the direct stockholders),
which could be affected by the occupational diseases of many types that are
associated with industries.

 It also addresses the health of those affected by the industrial operations – the
indirect stockholders.

 Is there any interrelationship between these three elements?

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 INDUSTRIAL HSE

Industry and Environment

 Every one of us likes to have precious metals such as gold, platinum, or precious
stones such as diamond.

 Have you ever thought as how we could obtain them?

 And is there any relation with the environment in getting them.

 To understand this aspect, let us take example of gold, how do we get it?

 Gold is mined if its average grade (concentration) is 5 gm/tonne.

 It means while mining 1 tonne (1000 kg) of gold-ore (gold + associated rocks),
only 5 gm (on an average) would be of useful andthe remaining 999.995 kg of
rocks that would be generated are waste.

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 INDUSTRIAL HSE

Industry and Environment

 In recovering this 5 gm gold; it has gone through
 Mining (breaking rock into small fragments from in-situ);
 Concentration (crushing, grinding into powder and separation from the rest of the rock-
mass using chemicals),
 Smelting and lastly refining and casting into bars or any other shape (Figure 1.4).

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 INDUSTRIAL HSE

Industry and Environment

 One can imagine how much
energy it required, materials
of different kinds it
consumed, foul gases it
produced and land it required
to dispose of the wastes
generated.

 This is the reason mining is

blamed for pollution.

 Figure 1.5 outlines impacts

of gold production to the
environment.

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 INDUSTRIAL HSE

Industry and Environment

 It is not only the gold but minerals are our basics needs and we cannot do away
with them.

 One should not forget that more than 75% power is generated using fossil fuels
(coal, oil and gases).

 Automobiles are run by fossil fuels. Fossil fuels have greenhouse effect.

 Exhaust from automobiles is responsible for bad ozone.

 Industrial pollutants are causing acid rain, for example in a recent survey it was
found that in China it is affecting about one-third of its land.

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 INDUSTRIAL HSE

Industry and Safety

 Not only the environment, in the process of producing gold, imagine!

 As at how many stages the direct industries (mining through to – mineral

beneficiations, smelting, refining, casting and production of finished goods) and
indirect industries (those providing services such as water, power, communication,
transport etc.) men have saved themselves from accidents.

 The accidents damage the men, machines and equipment, structures, and
surroundings. They incur huge financial losses.

 Illustrations (Figures 1.6 and 1.7) could explain how industries are responsible for
creating pollutions of various kinds, and are also liable for hazards of many kinds
that could damage the health of those who are involved directly or indirectly.

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 INDUSTRIAL HSE

Industry and Safety

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 INDUSTRIAL HSE

Industry and Safety

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IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON
SOCIETY
Mass Balance System/Equation
 To understand the impact of industrialization and pre-industrialization on society
let us understand a basic equation, which is known as: Mass Balance
System/Equation.

ACCUMULATION = INPUT − OUTPUT



Or
 ACCUMULATION RATE = INPUT RATE − OUTPUT RATE +/− TRANSFORMATION RATE

 ‘Imagine if a river becomes stagnant (doesn’t flow), sky smoke shrouded

(covered), dumping ground odoriferous and unsightly (ugly).

 Populations can ignore all these things till they have not ill effects on their health
and well-being. It went on for

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IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON
SOCIETY
Mass Balance System/Equation
 It went on for many years but ultimately man started experiencing negative
impacts on health, aesthetic and cultural pleasures and economic opportunities’.

 ADD or NOT ADD Approach:

Basic Questions:
Can we Avoid POLLUTION?
Can we Minimize POLLUTION?
Can we Avoid ACCIDENTS?
Can we Minimize ACCIDENTS?

 The answer lies in the fact that pollution and accidents cannot be avoided but they
can certainly be minimized.

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IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON
SOCIETY
Damage Due to Industrialization
 The damages that have been caused by industrialization are cropping up.

 Let us understand what has happened in the past.

 It is very difficult to calculate damages caused by air pollution and the remedy is
even more expensive.

 But the following estimates are instructive.

 They relate to sales in air pollution combat equipment (1980–2000): US$ 4 billion
in North America, US$ 4.2 billion in Europe and US$ 4.5 billion in the rest of the
world.

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IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON
SOCIETY
Damage Due to Industrialization
 Damages to agricultural products, forests and human health exceeded US$ 10
billion.

 Annual expenditure to decrease 55%-65% of the remaining sulfur emissions from

states of the European Community (EC) during the 1980–2000 ranges between
US$ 4.6 billion to 6.7 billion, and the cost of monitoring nitrogen emissions by 10%
annually till the year 2000 ranges between US$ 100,000 to 400,000.

 Cost for Health and safety for British Industry is in the range of 4 to 9 billion
pounds sterling a year.

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IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON
SOCIETY
Birth of Global Issues
 Damages that have been caused by industrialization include many disasters.

 Besides these damages to health and environment it has given birth to some of
the following issues:
Global warming and green house effects
Ozone depletion
Bad ozone (photo-chemical smog)
Acid rain and acid drainage

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 HSE – A CRITICAL BUSINESS
ACTIVITY
 An accident that could result due to unsafe acts and unsafe conditions adversely
affects the production, costs and productivity of any industrial setup.

 It spoils reputation and demoralizes workers.

 Many a times it results in court inquiries and disputes.

 It could damage the environment.

 The foregoing discussions also reveal that any occupational disease that could be
due to degradation in the environment (pollution) could reduce working efficiency
of an industrial worker, his morale and ultimately reputation of the company.

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 HSE – A CRITICAL BUSINESS
ACTIVITY
 All these issues are of public concern.

 Ultimately they result in a deviation from the laid out objectives and goals of a
company.

 Thus, the logical approach is a thorough balance amongst the production,

productivity and safety, giving equal weight to each of these components, like
three sides of an equilateral triangle (Figure 1.8(b)).

 Occupational Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) are amongst the critical
business activities in achieving the set goals and objectives of a company.

 Any imbalance amongst them can jeopardize business (Figure 1.8(a)).

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 HSE – A CRITICAL BUSINESS
ACTIVITY

 It could be achieved by considering HSE as one of the critical business activity, at par with
production and productivity as shown in Figure 1.8(b); and managing it by following the
basic principles of business management that include:
Organization
Policy
Procedures
Supervision
Management review and appraisal.
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