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  • A Remarkable Area in Pragmatics - Politeness

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    Milagros Villarroel
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    This document discusses politeness in pragmatics. It defines pragmatics as the study of meaning as communicated and interpreted based on context. Politeness is discussed as linguistic and non-linguistic behaviors used to show awareness of another's face or public self-image. The pioneers of politeness theory, Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson, developed strategies of positive and negative politeness oriented around solidarity and deference. The document argues that understanding politeness can help improve communication, such as in the English as a foreign language classroom. It provides examples of applying politeness pre- and during video viewing activities.

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    This document discusses politeness in pragmatics. It defines pragmatics as the study of meaning as communicated and interpreted based on context. Politeness is discussed as linguistic and non-linguistic behaviors used to show awareness of another's face or public self-image. The pioneers of politeness theory, Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson, developed strategies of positive and negative politeness oriented around solidarity and deference. The document argues that understanding politeness can help improve communication, such as in the English as a foreign language classroom. It provides examples of applying politeness pre- and during video viewing activities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    0 views16 pages

    A Remarkable Area in Pragmatics - Politeness

    Uploaded by

    Milagros Villarroel
    This document discusses politeness in pragmatics. It defines pragmatics as the study of meaning as communicated and interpreted based on context. Politeness is discussed as linguistic and non-linguistic behaviors used to show awareness of another's face or public self-image. The pioneers of politeness theory, Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson, developed strategies of positive and negative politeness oriented around solidarity and deference. The document argues that understanding politeness can help improve communication, such as in the English as a foreign language classroom. It provides examples of applying politeness pre- and during video viewing activities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 16

    11

    A remarkable area
    in pragmatics:
    Politeness
    2

    What’s
    pragmatics?
    Let’s start with a brief definition.
    3

    “Pragmatics is concerned
    with the study of meaning
    as communicated by a
    speaker (or writer) and
    interpreted by a listener
    (or reader)”
    (Yule, 1997, p. 3)
    4

    It is concerned with …
    SPEAKING CONTEXTUAL
    MEANING MEANING

    HOW MORE GETS EXPRESSION


    COMMUNICATED THAN OF RELATIVE
    WHAT IS SAID DISTANCE
    5

    Politeness
    As linguistic and non-linguistic behaviour.
    6

    It’s not to be
    “kind”.
    “It can be defined as the means employed to show
    awareness of another’s person’s face” (Yule, 1997).
    7

    Pioneers
    » Penelope Brown

    » Stephen Levinson

    They developed the “Politeness Theory”.


    Desire 8

    face threatening act

    POSITIVE
    FACE
    FACE
    FACE
    WANTS

    NEGATIVE FACE

    face saving act


    9

    Orienting ...

    positive POLITENESS negative


    10

    Strategies
    SOLIDARITY DEFERENCE
    Positive politeness Negative politeness
    focusing on closeness giving
    priority to the hearer’s
    right to independence

    Pre-requests Pre-requests
    PRE-INVITATION PRE-ANNOUNCEMENTS
    11

    Reactions

    Off
    record

    On
    record
    12

    Politeness in the EFL classroom


    » To communicate in a best way.

    » To achieve better results.

    » To encourage students.
    13

    Applicating
    politeness
    14

    Engage
    Pre-watching While-watching After-watching
    At this stage, the teacher will Then, the teacher will show After that, the teacher will ask
    introduce students the context the short clip asking students students to share their
    asking various questions, to pay attention to the opinions about the video.
    analyzing some situations and different situations but also Finally, she will ask them to
    explaining that there are the way in which each reflect on their our experience.
    different ways to make situation is developed.
    requests and to react to those
    requests (all these in order to
    prepare them to watch a
    clip/presentation).
    15

    To conclude,
    politeness:
    » is not about “being polite”,
    » is a relevant tool which may help in the learning
    process,
    » a way of achieving an improved communication.
    16

    Bibliography
    » Brown, P. and Levinson, S. (1988) . Politeness: Some universals in
    language usage. Cambridge University Press.
    » Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.
    » Becker, A. and Bieswanger, D. (2006). Introduction to English
    Linguistics. Stuttgart: UTB Basics.
    » Huang, Y. (2007). Oxford Textbooks in Linguistics: Pragmatics.
    Oxford University Press.
    » Ishihara, N. and Cohen, A. (2010). Teaching and Learning
    Pragmatics: where language and culture meet. Pearson
    Education Limited.
    » Yule, G. (2014). The study of language. Cambridge
    University Press.

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