Title: Pneumatics and

Hydraulics Control Systems

Lecturer: Haytham Yassin
T.A: Rokaya Osama

Date: 
Course Code: MENG422
 Pneumatics and
Hydraulics Control
Systems
Course Textbook:
1. Andrew Parr. Hydraulics and Pneumatics. 3rd Edition
2. FESTO didactic Pneumatics & Hydraulics
3. Rexroth hydraulics

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 Example 1
• The inlet to a hydraulic pump is 0.6 m below the top surface of an oil
reservoir. If the specific gravity of the oil used is 0.86, determine the static
pressure at the pump inlet.

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 Example 2
• Example 2.2: A hydraulic pump delivers 12 L of fluid per minute against a pressure of 200
bar.
(a) Calculate the hydraulic power.
(b) (b) If the overall pump efficiency is 60%, what size of electric motor would be needed to
drive the pump?

(a) Hydraulic Power:

(b)

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 Rotary Pumps – External Gear Pump

• Pitch circle: Pitch circle is the imaginary circle that rolls

without slipping with a pitch circle of a mating gear.
• Pitch Circle Diameter: The pitch circle diameter is the
diameter of the pitch circle. It is also known as pitch
diameter.
• Addendum: The addendum is the radial distance of a
tooth from the pitch circle to the top of the tooth.
• Dedendum: Dedendum is the circle drawn through the
bottom of the teeth. It is also called “root circle”.
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 Rotary Pumps – Internal Gear Pump
• The internal spur gear drives the outside ring gear
which is set off center.
• Between the two gears on one side is a crescent-
shaped spacer around which oil is carried.
• The inlet and outlet ports are located in the endplates
between where the teeth mesh and the ends of the
crescent-shaped spacer.

Click for Video

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 Example 3
• A gear pump has an outside diameter of 80mm, inside diameter of 55mm and a width of
25mm. If the actual pump flow is 1600 RPM and the rated pressure is 95 LPM what is the
volumetric displacement and theoretical discharge.

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 Example 4
• Calculate the theoretical delivery of a gear pump. Module of the gear teeth is
6mm and width of gear teeth is 25mm. Number of teeth on driver gear is 18 and pressure
angle of the gear is 20. Pump speed is 1000 RPM. Volumetric efficiency is 90%.

Solution: If the gear is specified by its module and number of teeth, then the
theoretical discharge can be found by:

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 Example 5
• Calculate the theoretical delivery of a gear pump. Module of the gear teeth is
6mm and width of gear teeth is 65mm. Number of teeth on driver gear is 16 and pressure
angle of the gear is 20. Pump speed is 1600 RPM. Outer diameter of gear is 108 mm and
Dedendum circle diameter is 81 mm. Volumetric efficiency is 88% at 7 MPa.

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 Rotary Pumps – Variable displacement Vane Pump
Maximum volumetric displacement of the pump is the volume between the rotor & the cam ring when the
eccentricity is maximum

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 Rotary Pumps – Variable displacement Vane Pump
Maximum volumetric displacement of the pump is the volume between the rotor & the cam ring when the
eccentricity is maximum

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Example 6

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 Axial Piston Pump - Bent Axis Type Pump
Volumetric Displacement and Theoretical Flow Rate

Pump flow Q is proportional to its working volume V and

shaft rotation frequency n

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Axial Piston Pump - Swash Plate Type

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 Axial Piston Pump – Radial Type
• This design consists of a pintle to direct fluid in and
out of the cylinders, a cylinder barrel with pistons,
and a rotor containing a reaction ring.
• The pistons remain in constant contact with the
reaction ring due to centrifugal force and back
pressure on the pistons.
• For pumping action, the reaction ring is moved
eccentrically with respect to the pintle or shaft
axis.
• As the cylinder barrel rotates, the pistons on one
side travel outward.
• This draws in fluid as each cylinder passes the
suction ports of the pintle.
• When a piston passes the point of maximum
eccentricity, it is forced inward by the reaction ring.
This forces the fluid to enter the discharge port of Z: number of pistons
the pintle. Dp: piston diameter
e: eccentricity

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Example 7

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Volumetric Efficiency

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Mechanical Efficiency

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Mechanical Efficiency

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Mechanical Efficiency

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Overall Efficiency

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Example 8

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Example 9

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Example 10

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Example 11

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Example 12

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Example 13

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