PHILOSOPHICAL

FOUNDATIONS OF
EDUCATION
MARY ANTONETTE C. MAGTANONG
CBRC NATIONAL LECTURER
R.A 74
Establishment of the Department of Public
Instruction
English was made as medium of instruction
1901
The Monroe Survey Commisssion was
created in 1925 to evaluate the entire school
system the American set up
English as common language
R.A 2706
PRIVATE SCHOOL LAW
March 10, 1917
The Secretary of the Department of Public
Instruction was vested to supervise, inspect
and regulate
owned by private institutions, religious people
R.A 1 ( RA 9163)
National Defense Act
preparatory military training to youth
required all citizens to render civic welfare
service, law enforcement and military service
December 21, 1935
R.A 80
ADULT EDUCATION LAW
October 26, 1936
to eliminate illiteracy
give vocational and citizenship training to
adult
ALS
OHSP
R.A 578
PERSONS IN AUTHORITY
June 8, 1940
supervision in public and duly reconized private
schools, colleges and universities
provided a penalty of imprisonment ranging from
6 months and 1 day to 6 years and a fine ranging
from PhP 500.00- 1000.00 upon any person
found guilty of assault upon those teaching
personnel
R.A 586
EDUCATION ACT OF 1940
August 7, 1940
6yrs elementary
fixing the school entrance age to 7 years old
compulsory attendance in primary
double session
R.A 589
ESTABLISHED SCHOOL RITUAL
Singing of The National Anthem to be
followed by the Patriotic Pledge
August 19, 1940
R.A 139
BOARD OF TEXTBOOKS/ TEXTBOOK LAW
all public schools must only use books that
are approved by the Board for a period of 6
years from the date of their adoption
amount of book will be devalued every year
June 14, 1947
R.A 896
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION ACT OF 1953
restoration of grade 7
single session
compulsory completion of elementary grades
compulsory enrollment upon attaining 7years
of age
June 20,1953
R.A 1124
BOARD OF NATIONAL EDUCATION
formulated general educational policies and
directing the educational interest of the nation
June16,1954
R.A 1265
DAILY FLAG CEREMONY
compulsory in all educational institutions
June 11,1955
R.A 1425
Inclusion of Rizal's life, works, Noli, El Fili in
the curriculum
June 12,1955
R.A 4670
MAGNA CARTA FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL
TEACHERS
June 18,1966
aims to promote and improve the socio-
economic status of public school teachers,
their living and working conditions an their
employment and career prospects
R.A 4670
MAGNA CARTA FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL
TEACHERS
1. recruitment qualifications for teachers
2. Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers
3. teaching hrs- 6hrs of classroom teaching
4. additional compensation-25% of regular
renumeration
5. health and injury benefits- thru GSIS
6. 1 year study leave (SABBATICAL LEAVE)
after 7 yrs of continuous teaching, teacher
should receive 60% of the 1 month salary
7. 1 range salary increase upon
retirement( basis computing the retirement fee)
8. freedom to form organization
RA 1079
CIVIL SERVICE eligibility shall be permanent
and have no time limit
June 15,1959
RA 6655
FREE PUBLIC SECONDARY EDUCATION
ACT
May 26, 1988
1. to all qualified citizens
2. No Collection of Fees Policy
3. payment shall not hinder the student from
enrollment or graduation
RA 4007
completely abolished matriculation fee
RA 134
designated TAGALOG as basis of the
national language
1936
RA 263
required the teaching of Tagalog in schools as
medium of instruction
1940
RA 5447
SPECIAL EDUCATION FUND
fund primarily to finance local school boards
and support provincial schools
1968
RA 6054
BARRIO HIGH SCHOOL LAW
in every barrio or barangay throughout the
country, there should have one high school
RA 7722
creation of COMMISSION ON HIGHER
EDUCATION
1994
RA 7796
creation of TESDA ( TECHNICAL
EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY )
RA 7784
creation of CENTREX ( CENTERS OF
EXCELLENCE )
August 4,1994
RA 7687
creation of DOST Scholarship program
RA 7168
converted Philippine Normal College to
Philippine Normal University
December 26, 1991

R.A. 416
Philippine Normal School- Philippine Normal
College
June 18,1949
RA 7731
abolished NCEE
1994
RA 7836
provided the formulation and adoption of the
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
created Professional Board for Teachers and
provided for a Licensure Examination for
Teachers (LET) by the Professional
Regulation Commission
1994
FOUNDATIONS OF
EDUCATION AND
DEVELOPMENT IN
EDUCATION
EARLY CONCEPTS OF
EDUCATION
 PRIMITIVE EDUCATION

education for conformity

aim to survive
family was the center
practical education, domestic training
 ORIENTAL/ EASTERN
EDUCATION
aim to establish social order
PERSIA- strenghten military education
EGYPT- strenghten religious tradition
CHINA- preserve ancestral tradition
INDIA- preserve caste system
centers-home, pagoda, temple
 GREEK EDUCATION
aim: produce individual welfare
ATHENIANS- excellence, perfection, healthy
body and mind
SPARTANS- strong body, physically fit
individuals, good military citizens
centers are palace and home
 ROMAN EDUCATION
EDUCATION FOR UTILITARIANISM
aim: to be a good worker, good soldier, good
citizen and oratorically inclined
centers: home, shop, camp
 EARLY CHRISTIAN
EDUCATION
aim: develop right relationship between God
and man
methods: lecture, dialectic, parable
centers: home, church, cathedral
MEDIEVAL CONCEPTS OF
EDUCATION
 MONASTIC EDUCATION
aim: religious discipline, chastity, poverty and
obedience
PROPONENT: St. Benedict
TRIVIUM: grammar, dialectic, rhetoric
QUADRIVIUM: geometry, arithmitic, music
and astronomy
 SCHOLASTIC EDUCATION
aim: intellectual discipline, rational arguments
PROPONENT: St. Thomas Aquinas
lecture, repetition, examination, scholastic
method, Aristotelian logic- major premise,
minor premise, conclusion
 CHIVALRIC EDUCATION
FEUDALISTIC TYPE OF EDUCATION
aims: develop morality, religiosity and social
grace
vernacular as a tool of teaching
emphasis on social grace, rules of etiquette
good manners and right conduct
MODERN CONCEPTS OF
EDUCATION
 ITALIAN HUMANISM
Education for rich and full life
PROPONENT: Vittorino da Feltre
aims: academic freedom, liberal education
self-study, self expression
 SOCIAL HUMANISM
Education for SOCIAL REFORM
PROPONENT: DESIDERIUS ERASMUS
aims: social, moral literacy
self-study, self expression
 REFORMATION
(PROTESTANT)
Education for RELIGIOUS MORALISM
PROPONENT: MARTIN LUTHER
aims: good manners, social virtue, public
service
physical education, singing, math, history,
science and vocational
 COUNTER-REFORMATION
(CATHOLIC)
domestic and vocational, religious and moral
JESUITS- aims to train leaders, repetition and
mastery
LA SALLE- teach the poor, pupils recite to the
class not to the teacher, group/grade the
pupils according to ability
 PHILOSOPHICAL
FOUNDATIONS OF
EDUCATION
 ORIENTAL PHILOSOPHY
1. CHINESE PHILOSOPHY

A. CONFUCIUS-author of analects, Golden

Rule, sufficient weapons, sufficient food
and sufficient confidence
B. MENCIUS- Love Covers All, Everything must
be ought in its right place, It is with heart that
man thinks.

C. LAO TZU- it is all thing that defy naming, no

label
2. INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
A. BUDDHISM- founded by SIDDHARTA
GAUTAMA BUDDHA advocates the 4 NOBLE
TRUTHS and 8FOLD PATH
FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS:
1. Life is pain and suffering (dukha)
2. The cause of pain is self- craving
3. The cause of pain can be eliminated
4. The way to end suffering is by 8FOLD PATH
EIGHT FOLD PATHS
1. Right Faith
2. Right Resolve
3. Right Speech
4. Right Action
5. Right Living
6. Right Effort
7. Right Thought
8. Right Connection
 3. WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
NATURALISM
considered the oldest
the philosophy that believes that nature is
the aggregate of physical objects
to realize the most value out of
life,harmonize one's life with nature
IDEALISM
philosophy that believes the ultimate
reality is spiritual or mental.
it believes in a unified reality with God as
the perfect or the absolute or universal
mind
the pupil is a self, a spiritual being and a
personality whose foundation is God
REALISM
is a philosophy that believes that objects
exist independent of the mind
the pupil is an organism with a highly
developed brain, superior to others
PRAGMATISM
philosophy which believes that the essence
of an idea comes from the consequences of
its test or practice;if it works, the idea is true
and good, if it doesn't the idea is false or
bad.
schools exist to supply the volume of
learning each generation needs
education is a continuous reconstruction of
 4. MODERN PHILOSOPHIES
EXISTENTIALISM
philosophy should center on individual,
his freedom of realizing his essence on
the basis of his personal decision or
choice
the facticity of the pupil may also apply
to the teacher
PERENNIALISM
believes that the basic principles of
education are changeless, permanent or
perennial
since human nature is constant, the
nature of education remains constant
too.
children should be taught basic subjects
PROGRESSIVISM
education should be active and related
to the interest of the child
learning should take place through
problem solving rather than absorption
of subject matter
the teacher's role is not to direct but to
advice
ESSENTIALISM
learning, of its very nature, involves
hard work and pften unwilling application
the initiative in education should lie with
the teacher and not with the pupil
absorption of prescribed subject matter
the school should not abandon
traditional method of mental discipline
RECONSTRUCTIONISM
education must commit here and now creation of the
new social order, which will fulfill the basic values of
our culture
the new society must be genuine democracy whose
major institutions and resources are controlled by the
people
the school and the education itself are shaped by
social and cultural forces
 PHILIPPINE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
 PRE- SPANISH PERIOD
for survival, enculturation
informal education, practical training
ceramic industry
arts of Angono
tribes of Tagbanwas and Mangyans
Tang Dynasty
Rice Terraces
Barangay
 SPANISH PERIOD
Propagate Christianity
formal education, religious education
vernacular
Parochial schools in Cebu, 1565
“colegios”- for boys, “beatrios”- for girls
1st dictionary
Royal Decree 1863
 AMERICAN PERIOD
education to reach democracy
Formal Education
RA 74
PNS-1901
UP-1908
reading, writing, language, GMRC, civics,
hygiene and sanitation, American history
English as common language
 COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
1935- 1942
develop moral character,personal
discipline,civic conscience
public schools
RA 4007 RA 80
RA 134 RA 589
RA 263 RA 1
RA 578
JAPANESE PERIOD (1943-1945)
diffusion of Japanese language
termination of the use of English
love for labor
vocational, technical and agriculture
teaching Physical Education and Japanese
songs
health and vocational education
dignity of manual labor
 JAPANESE PERIOD
TEEP- Third Elementary Education
Project
NEAP- National Educators Academy
of the Philippines
REPUBLIC PERIOD(1943-1972)
equal educational opportunities
RA 139 RA 4670
RA 896 RA 5447
RA 1079 RA 6054
RA 1124
RA 1265
RA 1425
 REPUBLIC PERIOD
PCSPE- Presidential Commission to Survey
Philippine Education
democracy is predicted upon the intrinsict
worth of the individual
society is not separated from the individual
democracy thrives on change, its dynamic
and flexible
 NEW SOCIETY PERIOD(1972-1986)
for national development
bilingual education policy
education relevan to the needs of the
changing world
 Sept 21, 1972- started the educational
revolution
 NEW SOCIETY PERIOD(1972-1986)
PLEDGES- Peace and order, Land reform,
Economic development, Development of
moral values, Government reorganization,
Employment and manpower development,
Social services
CAT- Citizens Army Training
ISOSA- In School, Off School Approach
CPS- Continuous Progression Scheme
 NEW SOCIETY PERIOD(1972-1986)
PRODED- Program for Decentralized
Educational Development
NCEE- National College Entrance
Examination
NEAT- National Elemtary Assessment Test
NSAT- National Secondary Assessment Test,
not a prerequisite to entrance to college, 20%
of the result is computed to the GPA
PRESENT PERIOD ( 1986-present)
national budget appropriates the highest
allocation for education
promotion of public school teachers
values education
mastery learning
multi-disciplinary curriculum
student-centered
cognitive-affective
emphasis in science and technology
bilingual
critical thinking
RA 7722 RA 7168
RA 7796 RA 7731
RA 7784 RA 7836
RA 7687
Education Sec. Lourdes R. Quisumbing
NESC- New Elementary School Curriculum
1989-1990
SEDP- Secondary Development Program
DBE- Department of Basic Education
 FUTURE DIRECTION
EFA- EducationFor All
ECCD- Early Childhood Care and
Development
UQPE- Universal Quality of Primary
Education
EOI- Eradication of Illiteracy
CE- Continuing Education
 FUTURE DIRECTION
own master plan for basic education
looking beyond the realism
strengthening bonds with partners