Philippine Indigenous Music

Katutubong
Musika
A Study of the Philippine Indigenous Music
focusing on the masterpiece, “Koyu No
Tebulul”
Competencies
•Distinguishes the different functions of Indigenous
Music SPA_MU9-Ia-1
•Displays familiarity in various performance
practice of Philippine Music SPA_MU9-Ib-2
• What Is Culture?
• How Does Culture Affect The
•Applies musical skills for voice and instrument
Landscape?
playing SPA_MU9-Ia-h-7 Landscape
• Different Cultural Influences On
Objectives
• Identify the different functions of Indigenous Music in
Philippine Setting
• Explain the cultural and historical contexts behind different

performance practices of Philippine music,
• What recognizing how
Is Culture?
• How
they reflect societal values, rituals, Does Cultureand
celebrations, Affecttraditions
The
Landscape?
Landscape
Objectives
• Advocate for the preservation, promotion, and appreciation of
Philippine music performance practices, recognizing their
importance in maintaining cultural heritage and artistic diversity
• Explain the literary context of “Koyu No Tebulul”,

• What Is Culture? one of the IP
Music situated in Mindanao • How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
Landscape
Objectives
• Demonstrate how to sing the song in SATB Divisi format
applying all the elements of music
• Explain the literary context of “Koyu No Tebulul”, one of the IP

Music situated in Mindanao • What Is Culture?
• Appreciate the harmony of the song “Koyu No Tebulul”
Landscape?
Landscape
Objectives
• Identify the musical staff and its elements
• Explain the elements and its functions to the whole musical

score
Landscape?
Landscape
Landscape?
Landscape
Activity 1
Guided Questions:
1. What do you think are the classification of the elements
shown?
2. Explain the need for thorough study of the elements.

3. How are these elements help you in Does
• How studying
CultureIndigenous
Affect The
Philippine Music? Landscape?
Landscape
Katutubong
Musika
A Study of the Philippine Indigenous Music
focusing on the masterpiece, “Koyu No
Tebulul”
Katutubong Musika
• Also known as Indigenous Music, traditional music of the
Indigenous Peoples of the World
• The music is of an "original" ethnic group that inhabits any

geographic region alongside more recent
• What immigrants who may
Is Culture?
be greater in number • How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
Landscape
Katutubong Musika
• Traditional musical expressions of various indigenous or
native communities around the world.
• These musical forms are deeply connected to the cultures,
histories, and spiritual beliefs of these communities, often
serving as a means of transmitting oralIs traditions,
• What Culture? stories, and
values across generations. • How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
Landscape
Philippine Indigenous
Music
Characteristics
• Origin and Context
• Cultural Identity
• Distinctiveness
• Transmission • What Is Culture?
• Spiritual Significance Landscape?
• Resistance and ResilienceLandscape
Origin and Context
• Musical traditions of the native communities
• Tied up to the culture, spirituality and history

Landscape?
Landscape
Cultural Identity
• Passing down oral traditions
• Linked to sacred rituals, ceremonies and

relationship with the land
Landscape?
Landscape
Koyu No Tebulul
• Arranged by Eudenice Palaruan also
known as “Tree on the hill”
• Based on a T'boli traditional song.

The T’boli people are one of the
indigenous peoples of South
Cotabato in Southern Mindanao,
Philippines
Distinctiveness
• Reflects their unique language, beliefs and
practices
• Shaped by centuries of •interaction

What Is Culture? with the
environment and ancestorsLandscape?
Landscape
Translation
There is a beautiful tree
On top of that mountain
It has soft leaves and needle-like thorns
I wish to climb that tree on the
mountain
A bird rests on its branches
I desire to own that bird
But I know I should not
Transmission
• Transmitted orally and experientially within
the community
• Elders preserve and share this

• What music.
Is Culture?
Landscape?
Landscape
Spiritual Significance
• Strong spiritual significance
• Connecting individuals with the land,

ancestors and the cosmos
Landscape?
• Communicate with the unseen world
Landscape
Resistance and Resilience
• Tool for resisting colonization, oppression,
and cultural erasure
• Thrive as a symbol of resilience and

• What Is Culture? cultural
pride Landscape?
Landscape
Other Characteristics
• Music follows musical elements as we know
today (melody, ostinato, improvisation)
• Follows pentatonic scale: b, c#, e, f#, a
Landscape?
Landscape
Vocal Arts
Maguindanaons
• religious chants during Friday noon service, Molud
or Mawlid, the puwasa or Ramadan, and the periodic
commemoration of the dead;
• less formal secular songs, such as love songs, legend

chants, and lullabies
Lumads
• Rich array of song forms such as lullabies
• uyug-uyug for the Mansaka
• yadadang for the Blaan.
• iring-iring during wakes by Manobo
• Subanon song for hunting
• Gago napu and ritual songs such as the diwata used
in healing ceremonies.
Instruments
Tambol/Drums
• Resonating body with one or both ends covered
with skin
• Made of wood, consist of goat, pig or cow skin
• shape can be cylindrical,• What
conical,
Is Culture?barrel, kettle
or goblet Landscape?
Landscape
Gandang
• Cylindrical drum, made of wood
with a membrane made of carabo
skin on each side.
• Decorated with 'okiran' motives and
painted. The drum is part of the
Kulintang ensemble of the • What Is Culture?
Maranao, Samal or Tausug Landscape?
Landscape
Dabakan/Debakan
• Indigenous kettle and a
bowl-shaped
Landscape?
Landscape
Ludag/Libbit
• conical drum with a deer or
goat skin drum head of the
Ifugao
• It is played with a gong • What Is Culture?
during harvest time underLandscape?
the
rice granary Landscape
Gimbal
• Single headed cylindrical drums
• Found in Palawan and Bukidnon
Landscape?
Landscape
Landscape?
Landscape
Gongs
• Most esteemed among the instruments
• Usually played as an ensemble
• Obtained through trade with our neighbors in
Southeast Asia
• May be flat or knobbed, suspended or hand-held,
made from bronze, brass or iron
Flat gongs
• Referred as gansa, gangsa or gangha
• Single hand-held percussion instrument beaten with a

padded stick or tapped by hand or palm of the hand by
members of an ensemble in the Cordillera
• For agricultural and sacred rites

Gangsa
• Can be played in 2 ways: (1) pattang, Landscape?
using a short-padded wooden beater
and played while dancing; and (2) tuppayya,
• Differentplayed with
Cultural the palms
Influences On of the
hands while the player is kneeling Landscape
Pangal and Pawig
2. Pangal
- gong handle among the Ifugao
3. Pawig • What Is Culture?

- gong hand among Bontok • How Does Culture Affect The
Landscape?
• Human jaw or carved wooden figures
Landscape
Agung/Agong
• Large knobbed gong, which are played while vertically
suspended among the groups in Palawan, Mindoro,
Lumad, and Bangsamoro area
• Usually together with the gimbal as an accompanying
instrument to the babaylan or shaman
• What when she
Is Culture?
performs healing rituals Landscape?
Landscape
Agung/Agong
Landscape?
Landscape
Kulintang/Kwintangan
• Consists of a set of eight or eleven graduated knobbed
gongs laid horizontally on a stand
• Commonly used as a part of performances during

special occasions. • What Is Culture?
Landscape?
• Sarunay or kulintang a tiniok is a type
• Different ofInfluences
Cultural kulintangOn
Landscape
made of metal
Kulintang/Kwintangan
Landscape?
Landscape
Babendir
• a suspended gong with a thin sound
Gandingan
• a pair of gongs with narrow rims
• “talking gongs”
Kulintang Ensemble
Landscape?
Landscape
Landscape?
Landscape
Lutes
• two-stringed instruments played as a solo instrument
• Played in occasions, played accompanying a dance such as
in a Tboli performance
• made of wood, the strings traditionally made of
horsehair and the wooden frets are attached to the
neck using beeswax
Lutes
Boat Lutes
• a two-stringed musical instrument wherein one string is
used for the melody and the other one produces the
drone
• First used the crocodile which symbolizes political,
royal power deeply rooted into the Maranao mythology,
darangen.
Gabbang
• Made of bamboo or wood, the
pieces are cut and placed on a
resonator, a frame to hold the
bamboo (the bottom of which is
hollow to amplify the sound)
Flutes
• Suling (ring flute)
• Palendag (lip valley flute)
• Sahunay flute
Flutes
Zithers/Sitar
• bamboo-stringed instruments found in northern Luzon,
Palawan, Mindoro, Panay, and Mindanao
• Two types of zithers:
• Polychordal zithers with 4—11 strings around the
tube,
• Parallel stringed zithers with only two strings on
one side of the tube.
Quiz
Quiz 1: In an Activity Notebook
1. A Tboli term which means “Tree on a hill”
2. Bamboo-stringed instruments found in northern Luzon,
Palawan, Mindoro, Panay, and Mindanao
3. Lullaby of the Blaan
4. Resonating body with one or both ends covered with skin
5. Consists of a set of eight or eleven graduated knobbed gongs
laid horizontally on a stand
Music Theory
Elements of the Sheet
• Designed to communicate more than
one thing at once (pitch as well as
length, for instance)
Title/Subtitle
• located at the top of the sheet of
music, usually written clearly in bold
letters
• first thing you see on the page
• The subtitle usually follows right
beneath the title.
Composer
• name of the composer of a piece of
music is listed below the title of the
piece
• Originally wrote the piece
Arranger
• listed along with that piece's
composer
• If the music score is exactly how the
composer originally arranged it this
attribution is omitted
Instruments
• Can be found at the left side of the
staff
• Latter sheets are often quite long
• Used to analyze the structure and the
content of complex pieces of music
Staff Lines
• Heart of a piece of sheet music
• Skeleton of the staff or staves
• Contains much of the information that will
be used to communicate the harmonic and
melodic content of a piece
Performance Task
• Students will be grouped into four members to
sing the first 22 measures of Koyu No Tebulul
End of Lesson 1

Philippine Indigenous Music

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Katutubong

• Explain the cultural and historical contexts behind different

• Explain the literary context of “Koyu No Tebulul”,

• Explain the literary context of “Koyu No Tebulul”, one of the IP

• Explain the elements and its functions to the whole musical

2. Explain the need for thorough study of the elements.

• The music is of an "original" ethnic group that inhabits any

• Tied up to the culture, spirituality and history

• Linked to sacred rituals, ceremonies and

• Based on a T'boli traditional song.

• Shaped by centuries of •interaction

• Elders preserve and share this

• Connecting individuals with the land,

• Thrive as a symbol of resilience and

• less formal secular songs, such as love songs, legend

• Single hand-held percussion instrument beaten with a

• For agricultural and sacred rites

3. Pawig • What Is Culture?

• Commonly used as a part of performances during

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