SATELLITE

COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
Module 2
SPACE SEGMENT
Outline
• Satellite Bus
• Payload (Communication)
• Antenna
• Environment (Reliability)
Payload
• Payload is the carrying capacity of an aircraft or launch vehicle.
• For a rocket, the payload can be a satellite, space probe, or spacecraft carrying
humans, animals, or cargo.
• We use Communication Payloads, such as repeaters.
Satellite Bus
Functions of Spacecraft Bus
Contd…
Contd…
Contd…
Attitude and Orbit Control System
3-axis of Satellite
1. Roll Axis
2. Pitch Axis
3. Yaw Axis
Satellite Control System
Earth Sensor
RF SENSORS
(Have a microwave receiver)
• There is a RF transmitter in the ground that emits beams of energy towards the
satellite.
• If the satellite is looking at the source directly then it will get the energy, else not.
• Yaw axis is pointed to the direction to the center of the Earth. Monitoring the
Earth station from the surface of the Earth is difficult, because of the surface area
of the Earth.
• So, we take sun as the reference.
• The angle from Sun to Satellite, then Satellite to Earth is monitored. So, the Yaw
axis can be adjusted according to that.
• So, sun sensors are used.
• Accuracy is 0.01 degree.
•
Star Sensor
Complexity is more.
• So used for specific purposes.
• It needs more electronic components.
 ATTITUDE CONTROL
• After receiving information from ground or on-board devices, you have to control
the errors.
Contd…
• Run a wheel with a motor. So, continuously we must run the motor.
• The current disturbance can be taken care of, but further disturbance will come
over.
• So, we must stop this motor, and let the torque be taken over by something else
and get into a natural phenomena.
• This is called “Change over”.
CHANGE OVER