CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2

Giảng viên: Ths.Trần Thị Minh Châu

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Introduction to Sociolinguistics

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Macro Linguistics and Micro Linguistics

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Linguistics and Sociolinguistics

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What is Sociolinguistics?

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 What is Sociolinguistics?

 It also studies how language  varieties differ

between groups separated by certain
social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status,
gender, level of education, age, etc., and how
creation and adherence to these rules is used to
categorize individuals in social or socioeconomic
classes.
 The language used by the participants is
influenced by a number of social factors.
 What is social factor?

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Social Factor

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Sociolinguistics vs Sociology of
language

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Sociolinguistics vs Sociology of
language

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 In Short

 Sociolinguistics: Its main focus is “Society on

language”
 Sociology: Its main focus is “Language effects on
Society”

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The relationship between language
and society

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The relationship between language
and society

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Social Dimensions

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Solidarity- Social distance scale

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The Status scale

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The formality scale

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The referential and affective function
scales

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 The referential and affective function
scales

The more referentially oriented an

interaction is, the less it tends to
express the feelings of the speakers.

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 Note

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Other important language concept

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Conclusion

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Conclusion

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 William Labob

 Labov proved his theories on

language variation and language
change by investigating (in an
anonymous manner) the English of
various employees in New York
department stores. Here he chose
stores with differing social status.
The linguistic variables he was
particularly interested in are: 1) the
presence or absence of syllable-final
/r/, 2) the pronunciation of the
ambi-dental fricatives (the sounds in
thin and this respectively) and 3)
the quality of various vowels

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 Noam Chomsky

One of the most influential linguists

of the 20th century
Interested in grammaticality: how
humans use a finite set of structures
and rules to produce an infinite
number of grammatically correct
sentences
We are ‘hard wired’ to learn abstract
‘deep structures’; this ability is
innate to humans

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 Dell Hymes: Challenges Chomsky ideas
on language

Dissatisfied with Chomsky’s

definition of ‘competence’: too
narrow, too abstract, too sterile,
and most importantly: too
asocial
Hymes broadened the
‘competence’ notion to include
knowledge of appropriate
language use in the social and
cultural context (i.e. not only
syntactic correctness, which
Chomsky emphasized)

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Ronald Wardaugh

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How to get?

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