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1.PROBLEM ON BERNOULLI’S THEOREM
Methanol is to be pumped from large storage tank to tank cars at
the rate of 1000 litres per minute. The transfer line is 10 cm i.d.
and consists of 150 meters of straight pipe, four 90o standard
elbows (Le/D =32), two side-run tees (Le/D =90) and two gate
valves (Le/D =7). The level in the storage tank is 5 meters below
the level of the discharge.
If a centrifugal pump having an overall efficiency of 70% is
used for the purpose, the horse power needed is ___________.
The density and viscosity of methanol at the operating temperature
are 0.79 gm/cc and 0.66 cp respectively.
Fanning’s friction factor may be calculated from the relation, f =
0.08 Re-0.25
SOLUTION
/ 60 =1 /60 m3/ s
d = 10 cm = 0.1 m : L = 150 m
= 32d for each 90oelbow. (There are 4 such elbow)
= 90d for each side – run – tee. (There are 2 such tee)
= 7d for each gate valve. (There are 2 such gate valves)
= +5m
= 0.79 gm/cc = 790 kg/m3
= 0.66 cp = 0.66 Pa.s
Net equivalent length, = 150+4(320.1)+2(90=182.2m
Velocity of flow, v = /A = 2.122 m/s
Reynolds number Re = d v / = (0.1) (2.122)(790)/(0.66) = 254 004.85
f = 0.08/(254 004.85)0.25 = 3.56
From energy balance + + - + = + +
= +Z+ +
Now, )(182.2)(2.122)2/[(2)(9.81)(0.1)] = 5.9604 m
= 0+5+ + 5.9604 = 11.1899 m
= (11.1899) (790)(9.81) = 86720.643 N/m2
Power required P = ( (=(86 720.643)(1/60) N. m/s = 1445.344 W
Since the efficiency of the pump is 70%, the power required by the pump
=1445.344/0.70 = 2064.777 W = 2064.777/745.7 H.P. = 2.7698 H.P.
2.PROBLEM ON FLOW MEASUREMENTS
A rotameter with a stainless steel float has a maximum capacity of 1.2 l/s of water at
301 K (280C).Find out the maximum capacity of kerosene in l/s for the same
rotameter and the same float.
Sp. gr. Of stainless = 7.92
Sp.gr.of kerosene = 0.82
 SOLUTION
For the same rotameter and for the same float position. Vf , Af ,A2 and A1 are constant.
Generally, floats are of such a shape that they set up eddy currents, and CD is nearly
constant.
Q 1/2

For water : Q1 = k 1/2

For kerosene: Q2 = k 1/2
= 7920 kg/m3 , = 1000 kg/m3 , = 820 kg/m3
Q1 = 1.2 l/s = 1.2 m3/s
Dividing equation (2) by equation (1),
=
=
= 1.34 m3/s = 1.34 l/s
Maximum capacity for kerosene = 1.34 l/s …Ans.
 3.EXAMPLE ON FLUID FLOW THROUGH PIPES

Reynolds number of a fluid flowing in a circular pipe is 10000. What will be the
Reynolds number when the fluid velocity is decreased by 30% & the pipe
diameter is increased by 30%?
 
(a) 9100
(b) 13000
(c) 7000
(d) 2550
 SOLUTION:

NRe1 = ρ1v1d1/µ1 =10000

NRe2 = ρ2v2d2/µ2 and v2=0.7* v1 and d2=1.3 *d1
ρ1= ρ2 and µ1= µ2
Here, NRe1/ NRe2 = (ρ1v1d1/µ1)/ (ρ2v2d2/µ2) =
(ρ1v1d1/µ1)/ (ρ1*0.7*v1*1.3d1/µ1) = 1/0.91
 
Hence, NRe2 =0.91*10000= 9100
Ans. a
4. EXAMPLE ON FLOW THROUGH PACKED BED
Water at 300C is passed through a chromatographic column packed with 50- m
spheres. The column is 5 mm in diameter and the packed length is 1.5 m. The
superficial velocity is 3 m/h. The pressure drop in Pa, for an assumed void
fraction of 0.4 is ____________
Given : water viscosity is 0.801 cP and density 996 kg/m3
SOLUTION
5.PROBLEM ON BOUNDARY LAYER
SOLUTION
Ans. d
MORE PRACTICE

 You can look into more practice problems in

following book available on Amazon …
ANOTHER USEFUL BOOK ON AMAZON FOR MORE PRACTICE
6. PROBLEM ON FLOW CHARACTERISTICS

Match List I with (pertaining the blower performance) and select the
correct answer using the codes given below the lists.

List I List II

A. Slip 1.Reduction of whirl velocity

B. Stall 2.Fixed mass flow rate

regard less of Pressure ratio

C. Choking 3.Flow separation

4. Flow area reduction

Code:-

A B C

(a) 4 3 2

(b) 1 3 2

(c) 4 1 3

(d) 2 3 4
SOLUTION
Ans: - (A)-1, (B)-3, (C)-2
Slip – Reduction of whirl velocity
Stall – Flow separation
Choking – Fixed mass flow rate regardless of
pressure ratio

Correct choice is b
7. PROBLEM ON FLUID FLOW DEVICES
SOLUTION
Ans.C
8.PROBLEM ON VENTURI METER
A horizontal venturi meter having a throat diameter of 20 mm is set in a 75-mm-ID
pipeline. Water at 150C is flowing through the line. A manometer containing
mercury under water measures the pressure differential over the instrument.
When the manometer reading is 500 mm, what is the flow rate in m 3/h ? If 12
percent of the differential is permanently lost, what is the power consumption of
the meter? Cv of the venturi is 0.98.
SOLUTION
 
 Flow through Venturi is

 
q is the volumetric flow rate
Sb is area of throat
 
 SOLUTION

Power loss = 0.12* (Pa-Pb)*q = 0.12*61720*.00343 =25.4 W

9.PROBLEM ON COMPRESSOR
In a reciprocating air compressor, the compression work per
kg of air
(a) Increases as clearance volume increases
(b) Decreases as clearance volume increases
(c) is independent of clearance volume
(d) Increases with clearance volume only for multistage
compressor
SOLUTION
Ans. a
10. PROBLEM ON DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
Match the type of forces which are one of the constituents of various dimensionless
numbers encountered in fluid flow.
 
List I List II
(a) Weber number I. Pressure forces
(b) Mach number II. Surface tension forces
(c) Froude number III. Elastic forces
(d) Euler number IV. Gravity forces
SOLUTION
(a)-II, (b)-III, (c)-IV, (d)-I
(a)Weber number – Surface tension forces
(b)Mach number – Elastic forces
(c) Froude number – Gravity force
(d)Euler number – Pressure force