Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Term
Budgeting
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Learning Objectives
13-2
LO
13-1
Budgets
LO 8-1 Understand the role of budgets in overall organization plans.
We show how a master budget is developed and how it fits into the
overall plan for achieving organization goals. Before we investigate the
details of developing a master budget, we discuss the way that strategic
planning can increase competitiveness and affect global operations.
13-3
LO
13-1
Overall Plan
A master budget is part of an overall organization plan for the
next year made up of three components:
(1) the organization goals,
(2) the strategic long-range profit plan, and
(3) the tactical short-range profit plan.
Top managers establish broad objectives, which serve as organization goals that
company employees work to achieve.
It is important to detail the specific steps required to achieve the goals. These steps
are expressed in a strategic long-range plan.
The plan for the coming year, which is more specific than long-range plans, is called
the master budget, also known as the static budget, the budget plan, or the planning
budget .
13-4
LO
13-1
Organizational and Individual Interaction:
Developing the Master Budget
`
13-5
LO
13-2
Organization Individual
Goal congruence
goals goals
Participative Budgeting
Use of input from lower- and middle-management
employees; also called grass roots budgeting
13-6
LO
13-3
Sales Forecasting
LO 8-3 Estimate sales.
Sales staff
Market researchers
Delphi technique
Trend analysis
Econometric models
13-7
LO
13-3
13-8
LO
13-4
Forecasting Production
LO 8-4 Develop production and cost budgets.
13-9
LO
13-4
Production Budget
Rearranging for required production:
Budgeted Units in ending Units in beginning Required
+ – =
sales inventory inventory production
13-10
LO
13-4
Production Budget
13-11
LO
13-4
Production Costs
Indirect Indirect
Other
labor materials
13-12
LO
13-4
13-13
LO
13-4
13-14
LO
13-4
13-15
LO
13-4
13-16
LO
13-4
Overhead Example
Santiago Pants
Schedule of Budgeted Manufacturing Overhead
For the Budget Year Ended December 31
Variable overhead needed to product 170,000 units:
Indirect materials and supplies @ $0.30 per unit $ 51,000
Materials handling @ $0.40 per unit 68,000
Other indirect labor @ $0.10 per unit $ 17,000
Total variable overhead $136,000
13-17
LO
13-4
13-18
Marketing and Administrative
LO
13-4
Budget Example
13-19
LO
13-4
13-20
LO
13-5
Cash Budget
LO 8-5 Estimate cash flows.
The cash budget is a statement of cash on hand at the
start of the budget period, expected cash receipts,
expected cash disbursements, and the resulting cash
balance at the end of the budget period.
• Cash receipts:
– Collection of accounts receivable
– Cash sales
– Sales of assets
– Borrowing
– Issuing stock
– Other
13-21
LO
13-5
Cash Budget
Some cash disbursements:
– Materials purchases
– Manufacturing costs
– Operating activities
– Debt repayment
– Acquisition of new assets
– Income taxes
– Dividends
– Other activities
13-22
LO
13-5
Cash Budget
Santiago Pants
Cash Budget
For the Budget Year Ended December 31
Cash balance beginning of period $ 830,000
Receipts:
Collections on accounts $6,840,000
Collections employee loans 100,000
Total receipts 6,940,000
Less: Disbursements:
Payments for accounts payable 1,694,000
Direct labor 1,870,000
Manufacturing overhead less noncash depreciation charges 540,000
Marketing and administrative costs less noncash charges 1,422,000
Payments for federal income taxes 350,000
Dividends 30,000
Reduction in long-term debt 23,000
Acquisition of new assets 1,470,000
Total disbursements 7,399,000
Budgeted ending cash balance $ 371,000
13-23
LO
13-5
13-24
LO
13-5
13-25
LO
13-5
13-26
LO
13-5
13-27
Budgeted Balance Sheet
LO
13-6
Example
LO 8-6 Develop budgeted financial statements.
Santiago Pants
Budget Balance Sheet
For the Budget Year Ended December 31 ($000)
Budget Year
Balance Balance
Jan 1 Additions Subtractions Dec 31
Assets
Current assets:
Cash $ 830 $ 6,940 $ 7,399 $ 371
Accounts receivable 540 7,200 6,840 900
Inventories 155 4,265 3,995 425
Other current assets 161 -0- 100 61
Total current assets $1,686 $18,405 $18,334 $1,757
Long-term assets:
Property, plant, equipment 1,866 1,470 -0- 3,336
Less: Accumulated depreciation (1,246) (220) -0- (1,470)
Total assets $2,306 $19,651 $18,334 $3,623
13-28
Budgeted Balance Sheet
LO
13-6
Example
Santiago Pants
Budget Balance Sheet
For the Budget Year Ended December 31 ($000)
Budget Year
Balance Balance
Jan 1 Additions Subtractions Dec 31
13-30
Budgeting in Service
LO
13-7
Organizations
LO 8-7 Explain budgeting in merchandising and service organizations.
Sales forecast
Budgeted
Cash budget
balance sheets
13-31
Budgeting Retail and Wholesale
LO
13-7
Organizations
Sales forecast
Marketing and
Purchases administrative
cost budget
Budgeted
income
statement
Cash budget
Budgeted
balance sheets
13-32
Budgeting Retail and Wholesale
LO
13-7
Organizations
Castro Audio & Video, Inc.
Estimated Information for Retail Operations
13-33
Budgeting Retail and Wholesale
LO
13-7
Organizations
13-34
LO
13-8
13-35
LO
13-9
13-36
LO
13-9
13-37