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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

19CET308 – AR VR IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

III YEAR / VI SEMESTER

Unit 1 : Introduction to VR
Topic 8 : Elements of Virtual Reality

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 Elements of Virtual Reality
 Virtual Reality (VR) is the current technology marketing trend, and many
global companies invested their time, money, and effort to create virtual reality
content.
 Virtual reality headsets are becoming more affordable by the passing day, and
we are at the threshold of a major VR wave.  
 There are certain important elements that a virtual reality system should
possess.

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 Elements of Virtual Reality

1: Viewing System

The best virtual reality experience is possible only if it runs on a good

viewing system. Irrespective of the number of users, the viewing system is what
connects the last mile.

2: Tracking System

Virtual reality headsets need a sensor camera to recognize movement and

provide the best 3D world experience. Most of the high-end headsets have this by
now.

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 Elements of Virtual Reality
3: Interactivity Element

One of the main attractions of a virtual reality experience is that you can
interact with the content as if it is real. Earlier, the technology was not good enough
to build a realistic experience but all that have changed.

The elements of interaction depend on range, speed, and mapping. The power
to move from one place to another inside a virtual world and the ability to change
the environment are the best interactivity elements that VR can provide.

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 Elements of Virtual Reality
4. Artistic Inclination
The virtual environment should provide users with an environment in which
they are completely immersed.

The VR artist should focus on the atmosphere, engaging factor, and entertaining
factor so that the experience is immersive and users should feel that they are a part of
the game or environment they are in.

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 Elements of Virtual Reality
5: Sensory Management System
If there is a slight variation in the virtual environment like the vibration,
movement, or direction, then users should be able to feel it. This is now available in
most sophisticated virtual reality headsets.  

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 VR Design Principles
Virtual reality design principles

Design is human-centered. We can learn from Google, Samsung other companies

who have earned experience in this field. In this article we will focus on two of the
main aspects of vr design : comfort and interaction.

Comfort

One the main challenges is to make the sure the application is optimized for maximal
comfort. Reducing head movements is an essential aspect. Not all vr app need to be
360° , fully immersive experiences. Designer Alex Chu, an interaction designer at
Samsung did some research on the subject and came up with the following conclusion:
head movement remain comfortable between 30° to 50° to look left and right and 20°
to about 50° to look up and down.

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 VR Design Principles
Designers should also be aware of depth of vision. The comfort zone between the user
and the interface or other visual elements is between 2 and 10 meters. Within this
range users can easily focus on UI elements.

The speed at which elements are moving should be constant. A sudden acceleration
can make users feel uncomfortable.

It is paramount to keep a high frame rate to avoid motion sickness. A sudden drop in
frame rate usually produces staggering images which causes motion sickness.

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 VR Design Principles
Interaction

Interaction can be made possible through several ways. The most common one is the
use of a reticle the user controls with its head.

Color and sound provide feedback. For example, when hovering a reticle over an
object a change in color can indicate that it can be interacted with.  

Visual and audio cues can be used for wayfinding purposes. For instance, when facing
the wrong way, a sound could attract the user’s attention and drive him or her to turn
around.  

It is preferable not to have large fixed UI elements on the user field of vision as they
could clutter his or her view.

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 Thank You!!

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