LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC

UNIVERSITY
SAN PABLO CITY CAMPUS

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION DC

POWER SUPPLY
“ADJUSTABLE REGULATED
POWER SUPPLY”
GROUP 3
GROUP 3

Leader : MALABANAN, ISMAEL J.

Members :

CABALFIN, EDMOND C.

CAPONPON, KEVIN CRISTIAN

DE CASTRO, MANUEL PAOLO B.

LAPITAN, AARON RONALD S.

MEA, CRISTIAN B.

RAMOS, TRISHA NICOLE A.

I. INTRODUCTION
• This academic work presents a regulated DC power supply circuit. It teaches students
how to change output DC voltage for future projects. Variable power supplies let users
quickly modify output voltage and current. Analog control voltage, digital input, auto-
transformer, and potentiometer are common adjustment tool.
• A step-down transformer, rectifier, capacitors, and regulator circuit make up the circuit.
The analyzers add "crowbar protection," an over-voltage protection circuit, to prevent
electrical transient damage. It turns down the supply or clamps the output when the
voltage exceeds a specified level. Most power supply have an over-voltage protection
circuit to protect electronics. Clamp-pulling latching or safety circuits are different from
crowbar circuits. When the trigger is pulled, the voltage decreases below the trigger level,
usually near ground. A crowbar doesn't work normally after overvoltage is removed.
• The power supply powers any electronic system. A device's performance can
depend on its supply. Power supplies convert input electrical current into
load-driving current, voltage, and frequency. Power supply can be built-in or
standalone. Computers, laptops, and phones have integrated power supplies.
• This project will create a reliable 12V DC variable power source. Safety and
power supply protection will be improved. An oscilloscope can check
Multisim-designed circuit current flow for power supply design. To ensure
the DC output voltage is 12 V, use the voltmeter. The power supply LED
lights up when electricity flows across the circuit.
II. OBJECTIVES
• To create a 12-volt DC power source.

• The project's objective is to build a variable, controlled power supply.

• To develop a power supply capable of converting 220-volt, 60HZ input.

• To understand how diodes, rectifiers, linear regulators, and SCR’s function

• To deliver a DC power in the range of 1.2 V to 12 V.

III. METHODOLOGY OF DESIGN
• A general-purpose chassis-mount mains transformer and a 2 Ampere Center Tapped Step
Down Transformer were utilized. 230V primary and center-tapped secondary winding
transformer. Flying-colored insulated lines link the transformer (approximately 100 mm long).
The transformer steps down from AC 230 volts to AC 12 volts.

• We used four silicon diodes (1N4007) with 0.6V voltage drops to make a full bridge rectifier.
Finally, we used an IC LM317T for an adjustable regulated power supply and included the
crowbar over-voltage protection to keep the circuit safe if it accidentally exceeds it.

• The layout was created by the analysts using NI Ultiboard Software. The PCB has the layout
in place. To drill a hole in the PCB, the experimenters employed a drill press machine. The
students then started constructing the prototype power supply.
EXAMPLE OF A POWER SUPPLY WITH AN OVER-VOLTAGE PROTECTION DESIGNED IN
NI MULTISIM SOFTWARE AND THE SIMULATION OF THIS CIRCUIT.

DC Power Supply Circuit Design in NI Multisim Software

14.2
In Oscilloscope, it test and display voltage signals as waveforms, visual representations of the

variation of voltage over time.

IT SHOWS THAT THE OUTPUT WILL BE 1.2 V WHEN THE POTENTIOMETER IS
AT 0% WHICH IS THE MINIMUM OUTPUT DC VALUE OF THE DC POWER
SUPPLY.

Figure A: DC Power Supply with a 0% on the potentiometer

IT SHOWS THAT THE OUTPUT WILL BE 12 V WHEN THE POTENTIOMETER IS
AT 100% WHICH IS THE MAXIMUM OUTPUT DC VALUE OF THE DC POWER
SUPPLY.

Figure B: DC Power Supply with a 100% on the potentiometer

PCB design in NI Ultiboard Software
Back of the 3D View of a Power Supply PCB Design 3D View of a PCB Design
The picture shows it inserting a component into a breadboard to test the
power supply. And to observe that the output voltage ranges from 1.2 V
to 12 V,

Figure 1: Testing the circuit in a breadboard

Figure 2.1: PCB with a sticker paper Figure 2.2: PCB without a sticker paper and final output
The actual and final output of the student power supply shows the voltage output
at the lowest and highest voltages, as well as the smooth change in voltage caused
by the potentiometer.

The actual and outcome of the project is presented, which is a power

supply in PCB with a center tapped transformer.
Actual Design in PCB with a minimum output DC Voltage of 1.19 V.
Actual Design in PCB with a maximum output DC Voltage of 11.33 V.
IV. MATERIALS AND SPECIFICATION

• Rectifier Diode (1N4007)

• Capacitor (1 ㎌ ,10 ㎌ ,100 ㎌ ,2200 ㎌ )
• Resistor (220Ω, 1K Ω)
• Integrated Circuit (IC) GATE (LM317)
• Zener Diode(1N742A)
• Silicon Controlled Rectifier (TYN612)
• LED, PCB, Switch, Fuse, Banana Socket and Cord
V. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT
• Component study is needed to determine power supply components. Step-
down transformer 18:1 to lower 220V. PCB, where components are attached
to ensure power supply. Full-Bride Rectifier Diode, AC-to-DC converter.
Polarized capacitors store electrostatic energy in the circuit's electric field.
• Resistors to lower current and change signal levels. LED power indicator. IC
voltage regulator. Electric current control potentiometer. Overcurrent
protection fuse. Zener Diode, power surge protection. Half-Wave Rectifier
Diode, voltage-limiting circuit protection. Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)
switch to blow fuse.
 • The figure 1 shows the
placing of components in NI
Multisim Software, to
determine if it will run or
not. Also, to know if the
researchers’ made an error
of placing of the components.

Figure 1: Placing of Components in NI Multisim

MINIMUM VOLTAGE
MAXIMUM VOLTAGE
VI. CONCLUSION
• The Adjustable Regulated Power Supply is a power supply made for small businesses and homes. It can be adjusted from 1.2
volts to 24 volts, or it depends on what voltage regulator is used. The device's design allows users to adjust the voltage output to

their requirements. Research is conducted in order to create a controlled AC/DC power supply capable of converting a 220-volt,

60-Hz input to a 12-volt DC output. A Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) will act as a switch that triggers the blowing of a fuse.

• Researchers have made effective circuits using NI Multisim software. The circuit consists of an SCR, which is directly
connected across the input voltage and ground of the circuit. This SCR is, by default, kept in a turned-off state by grounding the

gate pin of the SCR. Figure 2 shows the minimum voltage that can be used in NI Multisim Software to see if it can put out a small

amount of DC voltage. Also, to know if the researchers' got the minimum required amount of voltage. Figure 3 shows the

maximum required voltage of 12.7 volts. The same components were provided on the breadboard for actual testing.
VII. REFERENCE
• Aswinth Raj, Y. (2018, July). A crowbar circuit. https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/crowbar-circuit-diagram

•Rayming PCB & Assembly. Ultiboard PCB Design Tutorial. https://www.raypcb.com/ultiboard-pcb-design-tutorial/

•Wavelength Electronics. Power Supply Basics. https://www.teamwavelength.com/power-supply-basics/

•SCR Thyristor Crowbar: overvoltage protection circuit.

https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/analogue_circuits/thyristor-scr-triac/overvoltage-protection-crowbar-circuit.php

•Wayne Storr. Y. (2022). Full Wave Rectifier. https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/diode/diode_6.html

•Inspa robotics. Y. (2019, December). DIY REGULATED POWER SUPPLY. https://web.facebook.com/watch/?v=351770002355600

•Green Apple Electronics. Y. (2020). Zener Diode - details and how to test. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJJD_jj1EDo

•Delali. Y. (2022). How to Design a PCB from Scratch with EasyEDA. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9fgMhfEzko

•What Is a Power Supply, and How Does It Work.. https://www.actpower.com/educational/what-is-a-power-supply-and-how-does-it-work/