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A computer's fundamental processes include mathematical, logical, and storage and related activities. In
essence, a computer performs five fundamental tasks: input, output, processing, storing, and controlling.
Input essentially involves accepting input from the user and processing it to create meaningful
information, which then needs to be managed and saved before being output to the user.
The basic characteristic of a control system is that the system's input and output should have a distinct
mathematical relationship. A system is referred to as a linear control system when the relationship
between its input and output can be expressed by a linear proportionality.
With a variety of rigorous analysis and synthesis techniques, modern control theory spans numerous
research areas. Stability analysis is the cornerstone of practically all methodologies in control systems
theory. The so-called robust stability, which takes the system uncertainties into account, has also been a
popular research area during the past 20 years.
Building a system with a desired response to common inputs is the goal of control system design. A
sufficient transient response without excessive oscillations is one that is desired. A reaction that
accurately matches the anticipated output is a desirable steady-state response.