GROUP 1

SPOKEN
LANGUAGE
Lecturer: Dewi Kurniawati, M. Pd
 The Team
03 Indriani Eva (2011

04 Marzie (2011

05 Merina P (2011

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Spoken
Language
Spoken language is a form of communication in which
people uses the mouth to create recognizable sounds. These
sounds come from a large vocabulary of sequences of
sounds with agreed-upon meanings. These sequences of
sounds are called words, and each represents one or more
objects or concepts.
 Adjacency Pairs
t h e ta lk a r e o f te n
ir s o f u t te r a n c e s in
Pa
t; a m o s t o b v io u s
t u al ly d ep e n d e n
mu
e s ti on p r e d i c t s an
a m p l e i s th a t a q u
ex
a n s w e r p r o p o s e sa
s w e r a n d th a t a n
an
question.
 Exchange
Exchanges are independently observable entities;
adjacency pairs may be found within the boundaries,
but first and second pair parts do not necessarily
coincide with initiating and responding moves. A
coincidence can be shown such as ‘Congratulations
on the new job, by the way – Oh, thanks’. And
adjacency pairing occurs in the initiation and
response such as ‘I’ve just passed my driving test –
Oh, congratulations – thanks’
Turn-taking
In any piece of natural English discourse, turns will
occur smoothly, with only little overlap and
interruption, and only very brief silences between
turns (on average, less than a second). People take
turns when they are selected or nominated by the
current speaker, or if no one is selected, they may
speak of their own accord (self-selection).
If neither of these conditions applies,
the person who is currently speaking
may continue (Sacks et al. 1974).
these are usually referred to as back-
channel responses, and consist of
vocalizations such as mm, ah-ha,
and short words and phrases such as
yeah, no, right, sure (see Yngve.
1970).
Thank you

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