URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

PLANNING
INTRODUCTION TO
PLANNING
Arbaz Mubarak Kazi,

B.E, M.E (Civil Engineering)

Email: arbaazkazi91@gmail.com

https://gtearchives.wordpress.com

www.linkedin.com/in/arbaz-kazi-20747570
Introduction to Cities:
• A city is an area in which a large number of people live
fairly close together. Cities usually have their own separate
governments and systems for maintaining and providing
utilities and transportation.
• The advantages of living in a city are:
1. Better transportation facilities
2. Better medical facilities
3. Upgraded infrastructure
4. Best Education facilities
5. Opportunities in Careers and Other Fields
6. Networking etc…
Origin of Cities:
• First originated around 3200 BC: Mesopotamia (between Tigris &
Euphrates Rivers of Iraq’s Fertile Crescent)
• Emerged from agricultural villages built next to rivers.
• Five world regions are considered as hearth areas, providing the
earliest evidence for urbanization:
1. Mesopotamia (between Tigris & Euphrates Rivers of Iraq’s
Fertile Crescent).
2. Nile River Valley (Egypt).
3. Indus River Valley (Pakistan).
4. Huang He and Wei River Valleys (e. China).
5. Mesoamerica (Mexico, Guatemala)
Why and How did Cities Develop?
• Agricultural Surplus
 Near rivers = good for farming
 Irrigation—Allowed for high yields and surplus of food
• Labor specialization
 People could now work in non-agricultural activities (writing,
religion, and metal working, which allowed for larger urban
areas)
• Stratified social system
 Upper class and lower class developed based on value of
different jobs
Pre-industrial cities were mostly trading
cities near water
 Timeline of Urban Development

Smart
Cities after Cities
World War
Industrial II
Cities
Colonial
Cities

River Valley
Civilization
Human Settlements
Basic Elements of a City