Economic Sector Study –

Agriculture and Forestry

Presented by:

Leonardo G. Cereno
Agriculture
What is Agriculture?
The word agriculture came from two latin
words (i.e., Ager means Field and Cultura
means Cultivation).

Agriculture therefore refers to the

cultivation and production of crops and
plants and raising of livestock for economic
purposes and human needs.
Why Agriculture?
Agriculture plays a significant role in the
Philippine economy. Involving about 40
percent of Filipino workers, it contributes
an average of 20 percent to the Gross
Domestic Product.

This output comes mainly from agribusiness,

which in turn accounts for about 70 percent
of the total agricultural output.
Agriculture in the Philippines
The Philippine economy is heavily
based on agriculture.

In the second quarter of 2022, the

value of production in agriculture
and fisheries at constant 2018
prices decreased by -0.6 percent.
What caused the decline?
 Government’s failure to protect the interest of our local
farmers in favor of globalization and commercialization;

 Employment across other industry sectors are also luring

away farmers to take on and adapt a different role (e.g.,
manufacturing, BPOs and construction) thus affecting the
number of those who work for the agricultural sector and
thus affecting its outputs; and

 Failure to use emerging technologies (as compared

to other neighboring nations) to improve the
produce in this industry to better supply the food
requirements of the nation and address the climate
changes.
What is an Urbanization?
 Large numbers of people
become permanently
concentrated in relatively small
areas, forming cities.

 Refers to the population

movement from rural to urban
areas
Urbanization in the Philippines and Its
Influence on Agriculture
 declining share of agriculture in
the national economy

 minimal reduction in
employment in the agricultural
sector

 land conversion
Philippine Law on Urbanization
Republic Act 7279 otherwise known
as the “Urban Development and
Housing Act (UDHA of 1992) -
requires local government to adopt
an effective mechanism to monitor
trends in the movement of people
from rural to urban, urban to urban,
and urban to rural.
Urban Agriculture
Also known as urban farming, it is defined as “the
growing, processing and distribution of food crops
and animal products in the urban environment,
through the local community.

Forms (Philippine setting):

 containerized and modular farming;
 vertical farming;
 backyard gardens;
 Greenhouses;
 Aquaponics; and
 beekeeping.
Benefits of Urban Agriculture

 Provides solution to food shortages;

 Reduce the harmful effect of climate change;

 Sense of fulfillment;

 Transformed sensitivity at their environment;

 Desire to grow more and raise more food as they seem tastier
and more nutritious;

 Recycle, Reuse and Reduce waste materials; and

 Sense of being.
 Planning and land use management for Urban
Agriculture

 Identification of areas for urban agriculture

 Identification of common agricultural land use

Effects of Climate Change on Philippine Agriculture

 about 20 tropical cyclones enter the country

each year;

 food shortage;
• long dry season affects the amount
of water available for irrigation and
domestic use; and

• short amount of time for wet season

and more frequent and intense
typhoons come during that period.
Agriculture Sustainability
provide the means by which humans can
meet our needs without harming the
environment.
• economic profitability for farmers;

• the promotion of environmental stewardship; and

• an increase in welfare for farmers, their

communities, and their animals while producing
enough to meet the needs of humans.
Role of LGU in Agriculture Sustainability
 invest in the development of a climate-smart agriculture
 Subsidy scheme (50:50 sharing) with the farmers;
 Livelihood Assistance for Individual and Association;
 Distribution of fingerlings, cattle animals and provide vet health
service;
 Distribution of high value commercial crops seedlings and
agricultural supplies and machineries;
 Awarding of Gulayan sa Bakuran;

 Promotion of Agriculture Courses by providing scholarship for

deserve students
Forestry
What is Forestry?
Forestry is the science and
craft of creating, managing,
planting, using, conservation
and repairing forests,
woodlands, and associated
resources for human and
environmental benefits.
Why Forestry?
 elements that belong to the
biological, physical, social,
political and managerial sciences

 play a vital role of creation and

modification of habitats and
affect ecosystem
Forestry in the Philippines
Forests are among the most valuable
natural resources in the Philippines:
 provision of food crops, livestock and fishes
 vital for biological conservation and
environmental protection
 locations for education and research
 home to some 12-15 million indigenous
people
Forestry in the Philippines
In 2021, the gross value added (GVA)
amounting to around 2.7 billion
Philippine pesos in forestry and
logging sector
• gross value added is the measurement
of the contribution made to an
economy by one individual producer,
industry, sector or region
What caused the decline?
 kaingin - agricultural and housing
needs;
 commercial and illegal logging – soil
erosion
 global warming – climate change
 lack of jobs and wages, and absence
of farm lots – invasion of forest
 poor apprehension - lack of
enforcement and institutionalizing of
policies / law
Strategy to Protect the Forest
 Granting of Community Based Forest
Management Agreement (CBFM)
 Issuance of timber license agreement
system (TLA)
 Environmental Management System
Doing something for Forestry Sustainability
 Passage of new law;
 To develop and adopt a sustainable forest management
strategy;
 Incentives;
 Establishment of Urban Forestry / Communal and Green
City;
 Enhanced the commercial logging ban, assistance from law
enforcement agencies and establishment of Multi-sectoral
Forest Protection Council;
 Promote research and education;
 Promote Agroforestry;
 Establishment of Sustainable Forest Development Fund;
 Enchanced criminal offenses and penalties; and
 Review ownership documents.
Role of LGU in Forest Sustainability

For LGU:
a. Establishment of on-site research services and facilities;
b. Implementation of community-based forestry projects;
For Local Chief Executive:
c. Efficient, effective and economical governance of LGU and shall
adopt adequate measures to safeguard and conserve forest;
For Sangguniang Bayan:
d. Approve ordinances and pass resolutions necessary for:
•an efficient and effective LGU;
•that shall protect the environment;
•impose appropriate penalties for illegal acts; and
•that shall ensure the efficient and effective delivery of
the basic services and facilities for forest conservation;