Ag Modernization Sustainable Ag Phil Ag. Edit

Lesson 1.
3: Agricultural Modernization, Sustainable development and

Current situation of Philippine agriculture
Lesson Summary
This lesson discusses the agricultural modernization and development in the Philippines through
AFMA of 1997 and the goal of Sustainable Agricultural Development and its components. Lastly,
the general scenario of Philippine Agriculture over the years as well as its current status is
included in this lesson.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students shall have:

1. Explained the scope of agricultural modernization and development through AFMA (RA
8435)
2. Discussed the sustainable agricultural development and its goals
3. Recognized the situation of agriculture nowadays, the production and commodities in the
Philippines
Agricultural Modernization and Development
What is Development?
Development is the process of growing or causing something to grow or become larger or more
advanced
What is Modernization?
Modernization is the process in which societies move from simple to complex, homogeneity to
heterogeneity, incoherent to coherent, and from agriculture to industrial.
Agriculture Modernization, defined
Agriculture modernization is the process of great changes /transformation in agriculture. With the
projected population growth, boosting agricultural productivity is a challenge that needs to be met.
Thus, we can meet this challenge through agriculture modernization.
Through the increase of population growth, that means there are more mouths are to be fed, and
the conventional way of farming will not sustain agricultural production. Thus, the modernization
of agriculture is significant because it will increase agricultural production. Agriculture largely
contributes to a country’s economy. It plays a significant role in the Philippine economy. It comes
mainly from agribusiness where the main agricultural enterprise is crop cultivation/farming. Others
are from livestock and other agricultural services. An increase in agriculture productivity is a major
force for economic growth, especially in low income developing countries. A stable agriculture
sector also ensures a country’s food security.
There are ways in modernizing Agriculture, these are:

Agricultural Modernization, Sustainable Development & Phil Agriculture for AgEx 132/133
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1. Increased land under irrigation
2. Multiple cropping/activity- the subsequent introduction of adapted and accepted
varieties can potentially strengthen farmers’ cropping systems by increasing yields,
improving drought resilience, boosting resistance to pests and diseases, and also by
capturing new market opportunities.
3. Increased mechanization
4. Expanding cash crop production (such as coffee, cocoa, tea, sugar cane, cotton,
spices, etc.)
5. Encouraging the entrepreneurship drive- the capacity and willingness to develop,
organize, and manage a business venture along with any of its risks to make a profit.
6. Developing marketing channels for agricultural produce- covers the services
involved in moving an agricultural product from the farm to the consumer.
7. Value addition to traditional crops (such as amaranth, malunggay, etc.)
8. Reforming land acquisitions- the statutory division of agricultural land and its
reallocation to landless people
Agriculture Modernization in the Philippines
On December 22, 1997, the Philippines through the Department of Agriculture passed into law
the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act or AFMA. It became effective in the year 1999. It
was enacted by former President Fidel V. Ramos.
Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (R.A. 8435)
AFMA is a comprehensive blueprint for agriculture modernization and rural development

in the Philippines.
It is the process of transforming the agriculture and fisheries sectors into one that is dynamic
technologically advance and competitive yet centered on human development, guided by the
sound practices of sustainability and the principles of social justice.
It seeks to modernize the Philippine agriculture for the country to compete in the global
market.
AFMA aims to achieve the following:
1. Transform the agriculture and fisheries sectors to a technology-based, advanced and

competitive industry
2. Ensure that the small farmers and fisherfolks have equal access to assets, resources, and
services
3. Guarantee food security
4. Encourage farmer and fisherfolks groups to bond together for more bargaining power
5. Strengthen people’s organizations, cooperatives, and nongovernment organizations by
enhancing their participation in decision-making
6. Pursue an aggressive market-driven approach to make the products more competitive in
the market
7. Stimulate further processing of agricultural products and make it more marketable
8. Implement policies that will invite more investors to establish a business in the country
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Seven Principles of AFMA:
1. Poverty alleviation and social equity

2. Food security
3. Rational use of resources
4. Global competitiveness
5. Sustainable development
6. People empowerment
7. Protection from the competition are in the right places
The concept of extension in the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 (RA 8435)
emphasizes the services to be promoted in order to improve the status of farmers and fisherfolks.
If extension is equated with technology transfer, then it is calculated, reasonable and intended
transfer of technology into different environments for higher productivity, higher profitability,
greater economic equity, greater social/political participation, high standards of living, higher
industrial output, better local governance, higher competitiveness, and sustainability.
In the Philippines, the primary and often only source of income for poor rural people is agriculture.
With more than 70 percent of the poor residing in rural areas, poverty in the Philippines is primarily
a rural problem
According to Sen. Edgardo Angara, the failure to modernize agriculture is the root of the massive
poverty in rural areas. To fight massive poverty, developing and modernizing agriculture is a key
strategy. Likewise, modern agriculture will ensure food security and address hunger in the
country.
What hindered the full implementation of modernizing agriculture in the Philippines?
It is not fully implemented because of the lack of funding support from the government. AFMA is
a good law but among other reasons, the lack of funding support and implementation of policies
negate the full implementation of programs to modernize Philippine agriculture.
Sustainable Agriculture Development

Sustainable development was first coined by the Brundtland Commission in 1987 as “meeting
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs”. It is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the
environment.
Sustainable development is having a healthy environment, an equitable society and a vibrant

community. It is the shared responsibility of the present and future generations.
It is the quality of not being harmful to the environment or depleting natural resources and thereby
supporting long-term ecological balance.
Sustainable agricultural development is derived from and central to the concept of sustainable
development.
How can we preserve our environment?
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1. By not polluting them
2. Stop Illegal logging
3. Through Sustainable Agriculture- there is abundant food being produced w/o depleting the
earth’s resources or polluting its environment.
Goals of Sustainable Agricultural Development:
1. Satisfaction of human food and fiber needs

2. Enhancement of the environmental quality and natural resource base upon which the
agricultural economy depends
3. Efficient use of non-renewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where
appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls
4. Sustaining the economic viability of farm operations
5. Enhancement of the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole
Three components of Sustainable Agriculture:
1. Economic sustainability- a farm must be profitable for it to be sustainable. A farm’s

economic sustainability depends on many factors:
• Crop production method
• Farmer’s management
• Decision making and
• Marketing skills
2. Environmental sustainability - Sustainable agriculture not only aims to have little to no

adverse effect on natural ecosystems, it also seeks to have a positive impact on these.
Sustainable agricultural methods include:
• Maximizing diversity through planned crop rotations
• Intercropping
• Companion planting
• Protecting water quality
• Composting year-round soil cover
• Integrating crop and animal production, and
• Attracting beneficial wildlife
3. Social sustainability- this relates to the quality of those who live and work on the farm
and in the community.
This includes fair treatment of workers, positive family relationships, positive interactions
with consumers, and the purchase of local supplies.
In essence, the farm supports the community and the community supports the farm.
Achieving sustainable development will require balancing environmental, societal, and economic
considerations in the pursuit of development and improved quality of life.
Philippine Agriculture Over the years

The agriculture sector plays an important role in the Philippine economy. Although it’s a
contribution to the country’s GDP (18% in 2009) declined, the agriculture sector is still a priority
because it provides employment to the country’s labor force. It contributed 34% to national
employment.
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Philippine Agriculture Scenario
• Land Area: 30 million hectares
• Agricultural Area (47% estimates) - 14.1 million hectares
Five Major Crops:

1. Rice
2. Corn
3. Sugarcane
4. Coconut
5. Banana
Primary Secondary
Crops Crops
Rice Peanut
Corn Cassava
Coconut Sweet
Potato
Sugarcane Garlic
Banana Onion
Coffee Cabbage
Mangoes Eggplant
Tobacco Calamansi
Abaca Rubber
Pineapple Cotton
(Source: PSA )
a. General Scenario of Rice
Rice is the most important crop in the country and it is grown extensively in Luzon, the Western
Visayas, Southern Mindanao, and Central Mindanao. Rice production in the Philippines increased
significantly in the early 1970s. Rice production decreased in the 1980s due to natural calamities
(storms and drought) and the economic crisis.
The top five (5) palay producing provinces are: (PSA, 2019 4th Quarter)
1. Nueva Ecija- 10.2%
2. Isabela – 6.7%
3. Pangasinan – 5.9%
4. Cagayan – 4.7%
5. Iloilo – 4.5%
The Philippines is the 8th largest rice producer in the world. However, as a result, our country
became a rice importer again.
Reasons for Importing Rice:

1. Rapid Population Growth
2. Poor road and irrigation infrastructure
3. Limited suitable land to expand production
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b. General Scenario of Corn
Corn is considered as the second most important crop in the country. One of the problems in
corn production was the infestation of Asian corn borer. The Department of Agriculture approved
the release of Bt corn MON 810 in December 2002,
This technology was intended to control the population of the Asiatic Corn Borer (ACB), Ostrinia
Furnacalis (Guenee).
The top three (3) corn producing provinces are: (PSA, 2019 4th Quarter)
1. Isabela - 15.1%
2. Bukidnon - 10.4%
3. South Cotabato - 6.4%
White corn producers: Yellow corn producers:
Maguindanao - 16.5% Isabela – 21.1%
Lanao del Norte - 8.2% Bukidnon – 12.5%
Lanao del Sur - 7.5% South Cotabato – 8.0%
c. General Scenario of Coconut

Coconut is one of the five major crops of Philippine agriculture, the others being rice, corn and
sugarcane, and banana. Of the country’s total coconut production, about 85% is exported in the
form of copra, coconut oil and desiccated coconut.
The top five (5) coconut producing provinces are: (PSA, 2019 4th Quarter)
1. Quezon – 8.0%
2. Davao del Sur – 6.4%
3. Zamboanga del Norte – 5.0%
4. Davao Oriental – 4.9%
5. Maguindanao – 4.2%
d. General Scenario of Banana

The top five (5) banana producing provinces are: (PSA, 2019 4th Quarter)
1. Davao del Norte – 17.9%
2. Bukidnon – 13.5%
3. Compostela Valley – 8.7%
4. North Cotabato – 7.5%
e. General Scenario of Sugarcane

Sugarcane in the Philippines is grown mainly in Negros, Luzon, Panay, and Mindanao. The
Biofuel Act of 2006 or the Republic Act 9367 was passed by the Philippine government to create
a market for ethanol investors, thus paving the way for the development of fuel ethanol production
industry in the country.
The top five (5) sugarcane producing provinces are: (PSA, 2019 4th Quarter)
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1. Negros Occidental – 50.8%
2. Bukidnon – 13.7%
3. Negros Oriental – 7.5%
4. Batangas – 6.0%
5. Iloilo – 5.1%
f. General Scenario of Abaca

Abaca is extensively grown in south-eastern Luzon, eastern Mindanao, and in Leyte and
Samar. Both abaca and sugarcane are also the country’s important agricultural export products.
The top five (5) abaca producing provinces are: (PSA, 2019 4th Quarter)
1. Catanduanes – 37.4%
2. Northern Samar – 11.1%
3. Davao Oriental – 6.1%
4. Surigao del Sur – 5.3%
g. Livestock and Poultry Sector:

The top five (5) livestock and poultry producing regions are: (PSA, 2019)
1. Central Luzon- chicken, duck, duck eggs
2. CALABARZON- swine, chicken eggs
3. Western Visayas- carabao
4. Central Visayas- goat
5. Northern Mindanao- cattle
h. Fisheries Sector:
Based on the latest data of Philippine Statistics Authority (2019), the top five (5) fish producing
regions are: ARMM, Zamboanga Peninsula, MIMAROPA, Western and Central Visayas.
Major Species: Principal Fish Export: Commercial Fishes:

Milkfish Canned Tuna Milkfish
Tilapia Tilapia Sardines
Tiger prawn Tuna Anchovies
Sea weeds Scad Tuna
Roundscad Mackarel Scad
Skipjack Mackare
Yellowfin tuna
Agricultural Products (exports):

In the Philippines, agricultural products are exported around the world, including the United
States, Japan, Europe, and the ASEAN countries.
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The major export products are coconut oil and other coconut products, bananas, pineapple, and
products. The coconut oil is still the top agricultural export of the country encompassing about 21
percent of the total agricultural exports.
Export winners in terms of fishery products are:
• Prawns
• Seaweeds
• Tuna
• Deboned milkfish
• Tilapia is also emerging as a competitive export product.
Realities and Ironies of the Philippines by Former DA Secretary Emmanuel F. Piñol
To make food available, farmers and fisherfolk must produce enough for 105 million Filipinos in a
country with a population growth of 1.9% every year.
To make food affordable, the cost of production must be brought down while the income earning
capacity of the people must be raised.
The Philippines has 6 months of rains, typhoons and is inundated by endless floods. But after 3
months of dry spell, we cry “Water!”
The Philippines is ranked No. 5 among the world’s countries with the longest shorelines at 39,285
kilometers but we are not the top fisheries, aqua and marine products producer. In fact, we still
import some fisheries and marine products and our fingerlings for the national fish “Bangus” and
shrimps.
Rice is our staple food and the foremost research body for the crop - the International Rice
Research Institute - is based in Los Baños, Laguna yet we are one of the biggest importers of
rice in the world.
There are 247 large rivers in the country, thousands of tributaries, creeks, springs, watershed
areas and rich aquifers but only 1.4-million of the estimated 3.1-million hectares planted to rice
are served by irrigation water.
The Philippines is a land of verdant plains and lush vegetation ideal for animal feeds but we are
a heavy importer of beef and 99% of dairy and milk requirements come from foreign lands.
PHILIPPINE
The country has a land so fertile that one Israeli agriculturist once said that the Philippines could
produce enough food to feed the world and seas so wide and islands so plentiful we could not
even get the exact number. Yet the poorest sectors of society are in farming and fisheries.
The Philippines used to be Number 1 in Coconut. Thailand has overtaken us. In many stores in
the United States of America, coconut products from Thailand are sold.
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Abaca is endemic to the Philippines but we have neglected the product and now Ecuador which
got its planting materials of the Manila Hemp from the Philippines is fast tracking its Abaca
development program.
“Bangus” is our national fish but we are importing our fingerlings from Taiwan. Worse, we are
losing the foreign market to them when our “Bangus” is described by foreign buyers are best in
quality.
“Milagrosa,” the aromatic rice found only in the Philippines has been developed by Thailand and
now marketed world-wide as Jasmine Rice. Worse, they have claimed the brand name as theirs.
Banana, pineapple, Durian, Malunggay, Mangosteen, Cacao, Coffee, Rubber, Oil Palm,
Carageenan, Tuna, shrimps, crabs and dried fish are high-value products the Philippines could
excel in but these sectors have largely been left by government to fend for themselves.
For Philippine Agriculture to be sustainable and climate change-resilient, trees must once again
be grown in the denuded mountains and water flowing freely to the ocean must be managed and
conserved in small impoundings, catchment basins and dams.
REFERENCES:
Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Act (AFMA) Primer. Available at:

www.nafc.da.gov.ph/afma/primer_en.php –
Dileep K and Khejan S. 2012. Agricultural Extension: Innovations and dimensions. Satish Serial
Publishing House.
Global Agricultural Productivity Index. Available at: www.globalagriculturalproductivity.org.
Mondal S. 2013. Text Book of Agricultural Extension with Global Innovations. Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Philippine Agricultural Report for 4th Quarter. (2019). Available at: www.psa.gov.ph.
Philippine Agriculture: Today And The Future Mission: Available And Affordable Food By
Emmanuel F. Piñol Available online:
https://www.da.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2016/12/The_Philippine_Agriculture_Today_and_the_Future.pdf
Philippine Statistics Authority .2019. Performance of Philippine Agriculture November to
December 2019. Available online at:
https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/PAR_April%20to%20June%202019.pdf
World Agricultural Production – USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Available at:

www.fas.usda.gov
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Lesson 1.

3: Agricultural Modernization, Sustainable development and

At the end of this lesson, the students shall have:

Agricultural Modernization and Development

Agriculture Modernization, defined

There are ways in modernizing Agriculture, these are:

Agriculture Modernization in the Philippines

Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (R.A. 8435)

AFMA is a comprehensive blueprint for agriculture modernization and rural development

AFMA aims to achieve the following:

1. Transform the agriculture and fisheries sectors to a technology-based, advanced and

1. Poverty alleviation and social equity

What hindered the full implementation of modernizing agriculture in the Philippines?

Sustainable Agriculture Development

Sustainable development is having a healthy environment, an equitable society and a vibrant

How can we preserve our environment?

Goals of Sustainable Agricultural Development:

1. Satisfaction of human food and fiber needs

Three components of Sustainable Agriculture:

1. Economic sustainability- a farm must be profitable for it to be sustainable. A farm’s

2. Environmental sustainability - Sustainable agriculture not only aims to have little to no

Philippine Agriculture Over the years

Five Major Crops:

Reasons for Importing Rice:

c. General Scenario of Coconut

d. General Scenario of Banana

e. General Scenario of Sugarcane

f. General Scenario of Abaca

g. Livestock and Poultry Sector:

Major Species: Principal Fish Export: Commercial Fishes:

Agricultural Products (exports):

Realities and Ironies of the Philippines by Former DA Secretary Emmanuel F. Piñol

Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Act (AFMA) Primer. Available at:

World Agricultural Production – USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Available at:

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