Properties of set

1. The name of the set is always written in capital letter.

2. The elements of a set are written inside a pair of curly

(idle) braces and are represented by commas

3. The element of the set should be written once, and the

order of the elements does not matter
Cardinality of set
The cardinality of the set, let say set A written as n(A), refers
to the number of elements in set A.

Example1: Find the cardinality of the following sets

A = { 1, 2, 4 } B = { c, a, r } C = { a, e, i, o, u }

n( A ) = 3 n( B ) = 3 n( C ) = 5
 Example 2: Find the cardinality of the following sets

1. Set C is the set of numbers between 5 and 8

C = { 6, 7 } n(C )= 2
2. Set D is the set of odd numbers less than 7.
D = { 1, 3, 5 } n(D )= 3

3. Set E is the set of unique letters in the word “ SCIENCE “

E = { S, C, I, E, N } n( E )= 5
Types of Sets
Empty or Null Set
 A set with no members or elements. It is denoted
by the symbol { } for empty set and for null set.

Examples
A = { set of tricycle with 4 wheels }
B = { set of months in a year start with B }
C = { set of weeks with 8 days }
 Finite Set and Infinite set

Finite Set Infinite Set

 has an
 It has a limited number infinite/unlimited
of elements. number of elements.
 Can be counted  Cannot be counted.
 Examples:
A = { counting numbers }
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…} Set A is an infinite set

B = { counting numbers less than 5 }

B = {1, 2, 3, 4 } Set B is a finite set
Note : Sometimes, ellipsis ( … ) is used to indicate that there are
elements that are not listed down.

Ellipsis ( … ) used in between the elements of a set in

considered FINITE set.
Example : A = { 1, 2, 3, … 10}

Ellipsis ( … ) used at the end of the elements of a set in

considered INFINITE set.
Example : A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…}
Activity 1
Determine if the given set is a finite or infinite.

1. The set of all positive even numbers. infinite

2. C = { 3, 5, 7,…} infinite
3. D = { 20, 30, 40, 50, …, 200 finite
4. The set of all whole numbers less than 20 finite
5. A  =  {x : x ∈ N, 2 < x ≤ 10} finite
6.   G = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …} infinite
7. {x / x is a whole number and x < 20}. finite
 Equal Set and Equivalent set
 Two sets are EQUAL if and only if they contain exactly the
same elements.

 Two sets are EQUIVALENT if and only if they have the

same number of elements.

 If two sets are equal, then they are also equivalent sets.
 Equal Set and Equivalent set
Example A={ }
B={ } C={ }
Set A and C are equal sets

Set A and B are equivalent sets

Set B and C are equivalent sets
Example :
Which of the following are equal set ?
A = { c, a, r } B = { a, r, c }

C = { 1, 2, 3, 4,… } D = {5, 10, 15, 20,… }

Set A and set B are Equal set because they contain exactly
the same elements.
Which of the following are equivalent set ?

A = { c, a, r } B = { a, r, c }

C = { m, a, t, h } D = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }

Set A and set B are equivalent set because they have the
same number of elements.

Set C and set D are equivalent set because they have the
same number of elements.
 State whether the given pair of set is equal or
Activity 1
equivalent sets.

1. A = {3, 5, 7} and {5, 3, 7} Equal set

2. B = {8, 6, 10, 12} and {3, 2, 4, 6} Equivalent set
3. C = {7, 7, 2, 1, 2} and {1, 2, 7} Equal set
4. D = {1 4, 9, 16, 25} and {12, 22, 32, 42, 52} Equal set
5. E = {2, 4, 6, 8, 1} and {a, b, d, e, m} Equivalent set
6. F = {5, 5, 2, 4} and {5, 4, 2, 2} Equal set
Try this
A. Find the cardinality of the following set.
1. A = {0, 1, 2, 4}
2. B = {-3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7}
3.  E = {Natural numbers between 15 and 20}
B. Determine if the given set is a finite or infinite.
1. {2, 4, 6, 8, …, 800}
2. {-5, -4, -3, -2, …}
3.  {x : x is a whole number greater than 20}
4. A = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}.
5. B is the set of all natural numbers greater than 1.