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PRE-ACTIVITY: TIPS ON HOW TO GET
BETTER AT MATH

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IyHB-I_vm4
Direction: Complete only the K and W parts of the
chart in the first 2 columns to write down what you
know and what do you want to know about SETS.
In this video, you’ll know well how to describe a
well-defined set given some illustrative examples.
➢ What are sets ? | Set Theory

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3-A0O42Lyo
Write W in the blank at the right of the given statements
if your answer is well-defined otherwise N if not.
1) YES, there are 7 distinct colors of rainbow that can be cited.
2) NO, there are many points that lie on a straight line except if all
those points are named.
3) NO, the word honest members in the statement is not well-defined.
4) YES, the consonants of the English Alphabet can be listed.
5) NO, the word tall boys in the statement is not well-defined.
6) NO, the word hardworking teachers in the statement is not well-
defined.
7) YES, the prime numbers less than 100 can be enumerated.
8) YES, the letters in the word GEOMETRY are well-defined.
❑ How did you group the
objects?
❑ How did you identify
sets?

✓ Similar characteristics
✓ Collective nouns in
naming groups of
objects ( see page 7)
Q: How will you know if the set of elements belong
to a set?

The groups are called sets for as long as the objects in

the group share a characteristic and are thus, well
defined.

SET – a well-defined collection of objects called

elements that share a common characteristics.
Set denoted by Capital Letters
Elements denoted by small letters; enclosed by braces

Examples:

Set H contains objects that cover the head

H = {ladies hat, baseball cap, hard hat}

Set V contains the vowels in English alphabet

V = {a, e, i, o, u}
1. ROSTER METHOD or Listing Method
- list all the elements of the set enclosed with braces
A = {a, b, c, d, e}
2. VERBAL DESCRIPTIVE METHOD
- defines of the set’s characteristics
Set A contains the first five letters of the English
alphabet
3. SET BUILDER NOTATION
- identify the rule behind the set & state it as enclosed with
braces
A = {x I x is the first five letters of the English alphabet}
Set A is the set of all x such that x is the first five letters of the
English alphabet
1) Element
Consider this sets:
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }

∈ is an element or member of
∉ is not an element/member of

Examples: 5∈A
7∉A
2) n (A) The cardinality of set A is the
number of elements contained in A
If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
n (A) = 6

3) Universal Set – set of all possible

elements of of any set used in the problem.
Denoted by “U”
Kindly read the following pages in your
textbook for you to understand better the
following lessons:

• Set Notation – pages 6 to 7

• Well-Defined Sets – page 9
• Cardinality of a Set – 9 to 10
Example 1: a. {January, June, July} b. {2, 4, 6, ,8 ,10}

Example 2:
a. A = (first seven odd numbers} or {odd numbers from 1 to 13}
b. B = the set of distinct letters in the word GERMANY
NOTE: You can decide on the name of the set using any CAPITAL letters of the alphabet.

Example 3: a. {x|x is a set of even numbers less than 22}

b. {x|x is a set of distinct letters in the word MONKEY}

Example 4: a. {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

b. A = the set of natural numbers from 4 to 10
c. {x|x is a set of natural numbers from 4 to 10}
1) (a), (c), (d) and (f) are sets.
Since they are well-defined
collection of distinct objects.
(a) {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
(b) {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23}
(c) {-1, 0, 2}
(d) {L, O, Y, A}
(e) {O, I, E}
(a) {x | x is a multiple of 5 and 5 ≤ x ≤ 20}
(b) {x | x is a factor of 18}
(c) {x | x is a letter of the word ‘Principal’}
(d) {x | x ∊ W and x < 1}
(e) {x | x ∊ N and x < 1}
(a) 12
(b) 6
(c) 5
(d) 1
(e) 0
COMPREHENSION CHECK ON page 11 of
textbook - Numbers 1-5
1. { P,H, I, L, N, E, S}
2. { I, N, D, O, E, S, I, A}
3. { January, March, May, July, August, October, December}
4. {Tuesday, Thursday}
5. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19}
Numbers 9 – 13
1) The set of the first three months in a year
2) The set of letters in the word “ VIETNAM”
3) The set of natural numbers from 50 to 60
(Answers may vary)
4) The set of natural numbers more than 16 up to 99
(Answers may vary)
5) The set of multiple numbers of 4 less than 32
(Answers may vary)
Numbers 15 – 19
15) A = {x| x is a set of natural numbers greater than 50}
16) A = {x| x is a set of natural numbers less than 15}
17) A = {x| x is a set of natural numbers greater than 20}
18) A = {x| x is a set of natural numbers from 10 to 100}
19) A = {x| x is a set of odd numbers}
Look at the illustrative examples on
how to find the elements on a set on
pages 8 and 10 of your textbook.
FINITE SET
– a set whose number of elements can be counted, with
definite number of elements.

INFINITE SET
– a set whose number of elements cannot be counted,
continuous forever.
- denoted by the symbol “…” (ellipsis)

NULL or EMPTY SET

– a set that has no element.
Denoted by { } or Ǿ
Examples:
•A = {x|x is natural number less than 1}
Since there are no natural numbers less than 1, therefore is an
empty set A = { } or ∅.
•A = {set of even prime numbers}
Now A = {2}.
The only even prime number is 2. All other prime numbers are odd.
Therefore A can contain only one element, namely 2.
Therefore A is a singleton set.
Comprehension Check on page 12 and 13
True or False – numbers 31 to 40
31. True 33. False 35. False 37. True
39. False
32. False 34. False 36. True 38. False 40. True

Fill in the Blanks with ∈ or ∉ - numbers 41 to 49

41. ∈ 42. ∈ 43. ∈ 44. ∉ 45. ∉ 46. ∉ 47. ∈ 48. ∈ 49. ∉

Write Finite or Infinite – numbers 50 - 55

50. Finite 51. Finite 52. infinite 53. Infinite 54. Finite 55. Finite
EQUIVALENT SETS “ ≈ ”– two or more sets that have
the same number of elements
Ex. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} B = {a, b, c, d, e}
EQUAL SETS “ = “– sets with exactly the same
elements
Ex. C = {1, 3, 5, 7} D = {3, 5, 1, 7}
DISJOINT SETS – sets that do not have elements in
common
Read pages 14 and 15 of your
textbook.
Equal or Equivalent Sets

Comprehension Check, numbers 30-32,

37 to 42 on page 19 of your textbook.
Comprehension Check on page 19 of your textbook.
30. Equivalent Sets
31. Equal Sets 32. Neither
37. 7 38. 17 39. 17
40. Set C
41. Sets B and F
42. Sets A & B, Sets A & F, Sets B & C, Sets B & F and
Sets D & G
Given: A = {1, 2, 3 }
Breakdown Set A into smaller sets B:
{1} {2} {3}
{1, 2} {1, 3} {2, 3}
{ 1, 2, 3 } { }

Which are subsets of set A ?

Which are proper subsets of set A?
• SUBSET – set B is a subset of set A if and only if every
element of B is also an element of A.
- Uses the symbol “ ⊆ “

• PROPER SUBSET – set B is a proper subset of set A if

and only if there is at least one element in A not
contained in B.
- Uses the symbol “⊂ ”

➢ with common elements but not the same as the original set
Given: A = {1, 2, 3 }

Proper Subsets
{1} {2} {3}
{1, 2} {1, 3} {2, 3}

Subsets
{ 1, 2, 3 } { }
Subset Summary:
1) A null set is always a subset of any
set.
2) If B ⊆ A, then A and B can be equal
3) If B ⊂ A, B is a proper subset of A,
then
B≠A
4) A set is always a subset of itself.
Select the proper subset of
set A = { 11, 55, 66 }

a. { 11, 55, 66}

b. { 6 }
c. { 5, 66}
d. { 66 }
Given: A = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i}
B = {b, e, g}
C= {h, i, d, e}
D= {c, a, b}

Determine whether each of the following statement

is true or false. Explain your answer.
1. B ⊆ A = FALSE
2. A ⊂ B = FALSE
3. C ⊂ A = TRUE
4. B = D = FALSE
1. Use roster method and set builder
notation :
to write the set of all factors of 24
Roster Method
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24}
Set Builder Notation
Set A = {x | x is the set of all factors of 24}
a. Is it finite or infinite set? = FINITE
b. If finite, give its cardinality. = 8
 2. Use verbal descriptive method and set builder
notation to describe set
C = { … -5, -3, -1, 0, 1, 3, 5…}
Verbal Descriptive Method
Set of all Odd Integers

Set Builder Notation

Set C = {x | x is the set of all Odd Integers}

a. Is it finite or infinite set? = INFINITE

b. If finite, give its cardinality. = NONE
 Given: A = { 1, 3, 5}
B = { 1, 5}
C = { 1, 3, 5}
D = { 1, 4}
True or False:
1.B is a proper subset of A = TRUE
2.C is a proper subset of A = FALSE
3.D is a subset of A = FALSE
4.{ } is a subset of A = TRUE
Comprehension Check on page 18 of your textbook.
Part I
A) True or False
1. True 3. True 5. True 7. False, it should be subset
9. False, 7 is less than 8
2. True 4. False 6. True 8. True 10. True

B) Fill in the Blanks with ∈, ∉, ⊂, ⊆ and ⊄ .

17. ⊂ 18. ∈ 19. ⊂ 20. ⊆ 21. ⊄ 22. ∈ 23. ∈
24. ⊂
50. finite
51. finite
52. Infinite
53. infinite
54. finite
55. infinite
Short Animation on Operations on Sets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvy_KCGi168&t=15s
Set Operations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8qe8tz-s2Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RT8hwMyW42c
Other resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGHsDZkxJMI
Example #1
Let A = {2, 3, 4, 5} and B = {3, 5, 6}
Find: A∪B
Solution: A∪B = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Try This:
Let C = {a, b, c, d, e} and D = {c, d, e, f, g}
Find: C∪D
Try This:
Let C = {a, b, c, d, e} and D = {c, d, e, f, g}
Find: C∪D

Solution: C∪D = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}

Example #2
Let A = {6, 7, 8, 9}, B = {2, 4, 6, 8} and
C = {8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
Find: 1) A∩B 2) B∩C 3) A∩C 4) A∩B∩C

Solution: 1) A∩B = {6, 8} 2) B∩C = {8}

3) A∩C = {8, 9} 4) A∩B∩C = {8}
Try This:

Let D = {c, a, t, e}, E = {t, e, a} and

F = {c, a, t}

Find: 1) D∩F 2) E∩F 3) D∩E 4) D∩E∩F

Try This:
Let D = {c, a, t, e}, E = {t, e, a} and
F = {c, a, t}
Find: 1) D∩F 2) E∩F 3) D∩E 4) D∩E∩F

Solution: 1) D∩F = {c, a, t} 2) E∩F = {t, a}

3) D∩E = {t, e, a} 4) D∩E∩F = {t, a}
Example #3
Let A = {apple, mango, banana}
B = {orange, pineapple, mango}

Find: 1) A - B 2) B - A

Solution: 1) A - B = {apple, banana}

2) B - A = {orange, pineapple}
Try This:
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
B = {2, 4, 5, 8, 9}

Find: 1) A - B
2) B - A
Try This:
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
B = {2, 4, 5, 8, 9}

Find: 1) A - B 2) B - A

Solution: 1) A - B = {1, 3, 6}
2) B - A = {8, 9}
The complement of a set is the set of elements in the universal
set (U) that are NOT included in the other set.
Equivalent to the logic operation “NOT”.
Written as prime, A’, or a superscripted ‘c’, Ac.
Example: U = {a, b, c, d, e, u, v, w, x, y, z}
A = {a, b, c, x, y, ,z}
B = {a, b, c, d, e}

A’ = {d, e, u, v, w}
B’ = {u, v, w, x, y, z}
Example #4
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
A = {1, 4, 5, 7}
B = {2, 4, 6}
C = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Find: 1) A’ 2) C’ 3) (A∪C)’ 4) (B∩C)’

Solution: 1) A’ = {2, 3, 6} 2) C’ = {5, 6, 7}

3) (A∪C)’ = {6} 4) (B∩C)’ = {1, 3, 5, 6, 7}
Try This:
Let U = {o, s, n, a, b, r, u, c, k}
A = {o, a, u}
B = {b, r, u, c, k}
C = {s, n, b, r, k}

Find: 1) A’ 2) B’ 3) (A∪B)’ 4) (A∩C)’

Try This:
Let U = {o, s, n, a, b, r, u, c, k}
A = {o, a, u}
B = {b, r, u, c, k}
C = {s, n, b, r, k}
Find: 1) A’ 2) B’ 3) (A∪B)’ 4) (A∩C)’

Solution: 1) A’ = {s, n, b, r, c, k}
2) B’ = {o, s, n, a}
3) (A∪B)’ = {s, n}
4) (A∩C)’ = {o, s, n, a, b, r, u, c, k}
A. What is a Venn Diagram?
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLIuHU5Sj5w

B. Basic Venn Diagram Shading

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSw0JDbfNhA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NV_tvZ5Mb3k

C. Steps in Creating a Venn Diagram

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkV_uRErIqk
1 - UNION of SETS, then answer the exercises in TRY THIS, letters a to d on page
23 of your textbook.

2 - INTERSECTION of SETS, then answer the exercises in TRY THIS, letters a to d

on page 22 of your textbook.

3 - COMPLEMENT of a SET, then answer the exercises in TRY THIS, numbers 1 to 4

on page 25 of your textbook.

4 - DIFFERENCE of SETS, then answer the exercises in TRY THIS, letters a and b on
page 23 and 24 of your textbook.
1 - Discuss about UNION of SETS, then answer the exercises in TRY THIS,
letters a to d on page 23 of your textbook.

∈ ⊂
∪ ∩
 2 - Discuss about INTERSECTION of SETS, then answer the exercises in
TRY THIS, letters a to d on page 22 of your textbook.

Try This:

Let D = {c, a, t, e}, E = {t, e, a} and

F = {c, a, t}

Find: a) D∩F b) E∩F c) D∩E d) D∩E∩F

Try This:
Let D = {c, a, t, e}, E = {t, e, a} and
F = {c, a, t}
Find: 1) D∩F 2) E∩F 3) D∩E 4) D∩E∩F

Solution: 1) D∩F = {c, a, t} 2) E∩F = {t, a}

3) D∩E = {t, e, a} 4) D∩E∩F = {t, a}
 3 - Discuss about COMPLEMENT of a SET, then answer the exercises in
TRY THIS, numbers 1 to 4 on page 25 of your textbook.

Try This:
Let U = {o, s, n, a, b, r, u, c, k}
A = {o, a, u}
B = {b, r, u, c, k}
C = {s, n, b, r, k}

Find: 1) A’ 2) B’ 3) (A∪B)’ 4) (A∩C)’

Try This:
Let U = {o, s, n, a, b, r, u, c, k}
A = {o, a, u}
B = {b, r, u, c, k}
C = {s, n, b, r, k}
Find: 1) A’ 2) B’ 3) (A∪B)’ 4) (A∩C)’

Solution: 1) A’ = {s, n, b, r, c, k}
2) C’ = {o, a, u, c}
3) (A∪B)’ = {s, n}
4) (A∩C)’ = {o, s, n, a, b, r, u, c, k}
4 - Discuss about DIFFERENCE of SETS, then answer the exercises in
TRY THIS, letters a and b on page 23 and 24 of your textbook.
Try This:
Let A = {6, 9, 12, 15}
B = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

Find: 1) A - B 2) B - A

Solution: 1) A - B = {15}
2) B - A = {5, 7, 8, 10, 11}
Try This:
Let A = {2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
B = {1, 3, 4, 6}

Find: 1) A - B 2) B - A

Solution: 1) A - B = {2, 5, 7, 8, 9}
2) B - A = {1, 3, 4}
Comprehension Check, numbers 1 – 10 on page 30 and number 11, a to
l on page 30
1. True 3. False 5. True 7. False 9. False
2. False 4. True 6. True 8. False 10. True

11.
a. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} g. {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
b. { } or ∅ h. {6, 8, 10}
c. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9} i. {1,3, 5,7,9}
d. {1, 3, 5} j. { } or ∅
e. {6, 7, 8, 9, 10} k. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10}
f. {7, 9 } l. {0, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
Complete the prompting statements below in
connection to the activities about the lesson.

1. I used to think that …

2. Now I understand that…

 LET’S ANNOTATE!

Very Clear! Clear with Clarification Needs More Practice

 Book Work Activity - ASYNCHRONOUS

✓ Kindly read the following topics that will help

you to understand more the lessons – Pages 4 to
41.

✓ Watch also the Videos about Introduction &

Operation on Sets and also Venn Diagram.