Preface Slide

Divisi Bedah dan Radiologi

Departemen Klinik, Reproduksi, dan
Patologi

PHYSIOTHERAPYHY
PHYSIOTHERAPY
Therapy uses physical agents or means such as
massage or giving exercises to provide therapy for
several diseases or physical trauma
PHYSIOTHERAPY

• Purpose
• restores the function of motion or mobility
• improve the patient's quality of life
• Principle
• Stimulation of the healing process of traumatized tissue
• Increase musculoskeletal strength
• Improve body balance
• Repair the cardiorespiratory system, neurology, and
musculoskeletal
PHYSIOTHERAPY SPECIALIZATION

• Musculoskeletal
• Respiratory
• Orthopedic
• Neurological
• Geriatric
• Medical physical
exercise (Athletics)
• Growth Disorders
MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSIOTHERAPI

Therapy for trauma to

• Soft tissue (ruptured ligaments, tendons, and muscles)
• Bursitis
• Joint trauma
• Fracture
• Joint disease
Sample case:
• Osteochondritis Discecans (OCD)
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOTHERAPY

Physiotherapy Objectives:
• Regulates secretion
• Regulate the pressure in the thorax cavity
• Prevents athelectasis
• Reducing the frequency of excessive respiration
• optimization of the ventilation ratio or tissue perfusion t
increase the oxygen saturation of the animal body
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOTHERAPY

Physiotherapy Techniques:
• improvement of animal position
• vibration application to increase the rate of
excretion of secretions
• compression of the thoracic cavity to increase
lung capacity, and manual ventilation
ORTHOPEDIC PHYSIOTHERAPY

Principles of Physiotherapy:
• Exercise and weight reduction on the part or area that
has been operated on
• Rehabilitative measures after the surgical procedure to
maximize the success rate of the operation
NEUROLOGICAL PHYSIOTHERAPY

• The success rate is determined by the level of nerve

tissue damage
• Long-term solutions to permanent damage are also
needed such as installing wheels and seat belts or
supports to support the daily activities of the animal
GERIATRIC PHYSIOTHERAPY

Physiotherapy
Techniques:
• Treatments for pain
reduction
• Exercise
• Weight loss diet
• Improvements to
environmental factors
ATHLETIC PHYSIOTHERAPY

Physiotherapy Techniques:
• physical training
• Skill enhancement
• Cardiovascular exercise
• Combination
Physiotherapy Objectives:
• Improved athletic animal
performance
• Improved animal
performance
GROWTH DISTURBANCE
PHYSIOTHERAPY
Physiotherapy Objectives:
• Supports increased strength in joints and bones
• Improve animal posture
• Improve the quality of life of animals
• Prevent other health problems
• Avoid the animal from the total surgical procedure
Advantages of Physiotherapy
The main advantages of physiotherapy are pain
reduction, improved movement, increased standing
ability, increased muscle strength and function without
the use of chemicals or chemical drugs so that no harm
occurs.
Factors Affecting the Success of
Physiotherapy

• Animal habits
• Owner knowledge level
• Animal aggressiveness
• Therapeutic
Appropriateness
• The presence or
absence of
comorbidities
• Animal state
Physiotherapy Contraindication
There are some specific contraindications to certain
physiotherapy techniques
Physiotherapy Contraindication
• Pregnancy: therapeutic techniques with
pulsed electromagnetic energy should be
avoided
• Cancer: electrotherapy techniques should
be avoided
• Circulatory disorders: discontinue therapy
if there is no significant cure
• Myopathy: myasthenia gravis and
exertional rhabdomyelosis
• Aggressive Attitude: reduce the rate of
progress of healing because aggressive
animals tend to rebel when given therapy
Physiotherapy Techniques in
Musculoskeletal and Neurological Systems
Physiotherapy in the musculoskeletal system is carried
out based on the results of physical examination,
clinical history, analysis of gait / paralysis, and
preparation of a therapy program.
Cold Therapy

• Purpose: control and minimize

inflammation
• Cold therapy is recommended to
minimize the inflammatory response
72 hours post-trauma / surgery
• Cold therapy gel pack is placed on
the inflamed area for 10-20 minutes
and repeated every 4-6 hours to
make it more effective
• Contraindications: Hypothermic
patients
Heat Therapy

• Treatment of advanced
inflammation (after 72 hours after
trauma) by applying a warm towel to
the inflamed area 10-20 minutes 4-6
times a day
• Principle: increase blood circulation
in the area of ​inflammation by
increasing vasodilation
• Contraindications: patients with
thrombus / embolism,
hypersensitivity to heat, burns,
infections, and malignant tumors.
Posture Improvement and Provision of
Assistive Devices
• Objective: Maintain
muscle stability and
support legs or body parts
that are paralyzed or
injured / traumatized
• Animals will get mobility
aids or just a support to
help with their daily
activities.
Electrotherapy

• Pulsed electromagnetic Energy /

PEME functions to reduce pain in
traumatized areas of the body with
stimulation of sensory nerves
• Indications for this therapy: Prevent
muscle atrophy in paralyzed
animals
• Contraindications: pregnant
women, open wounds, malignant
tumors, heart conduction disorders,
laminectomy surgery, epileptic
animals, thrombosis
Electrotherapy

• Transcutaneus Electrical
Nerve Stimulation / TENS)
utilizes 90-130 Hz electrical
waves to stimulate large nerve
fibers in the activation of the
interneurone inhibition system
resulting in blockade of pain
perception
Electrotherapy

• Laser therapy utilizes a laser

wavelength of 600-940 nm for
penetration into tissue
• in veterinary medicine, the laser
used is a class 4 laser (> 500 mW)
in surgical and rehabilitation
procedures
• Principle: increase the rate of cell
metabolism by increasing the kreb
cycle in the mitochondria so that
there is an increase in the amount
of tissue ATP
Massage

• Massage also works on the circulatory and

nervous systems
• Advantages of massage:
Reduce stress with
Provides a sedative effect through activation
of sensory nerves
Decreased ACTH production (increases
oxytocin which inhibits ACTH release)
Improve the lymphatic circulatory system
and circulatory system
Relaxes muscles by increasing muscle
flexibility
Reduces pain, and improves body
performance.
 Hydrotherapy

• Hydrotherapy works in a number of ways:

• Temperature (29 - 32 oC): increases blood
flow, relaxes, stimulates sensory nerves
which are important for spinal cases
• Buoyancy: Supports animal body weight
(animal movement training)
• Hydrostatic effect: reduces swelling and
venous congestion in the subchondrial
bone that causes arthritis
• Viscosity: formation of traumatized muscle
cells and improving animal posture
 Actinotherapy / Heliotherapy

• Actinotherapy is a disease therapy using both natural light and

artificial light
• Natural light source: Sun
• Artificial light source: Ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) radiation
• Ultraviolet light can improve conditions of stiffness, fatigue, joint
stiffness, joint swelling, and grip strength
• Infrared light is known to relieve pain (pain relief), relieve back
pain, and increase blood flow in the treated area
Source

Carver D. 2016. Practical Physiotherapy for Veterinary Nurses. Oxford

(UK): John Willey and Sons.
Choudhary CK, Sharma AK, Gupta MK. 2018. Clinical and physical
evaluation of infrared and ultraviolet treatment in arthritic buffalo calves.
Buffalo Buletin. 37(3): 411 – 419.
Lindley S, Watson P. 2010. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline
Rehabilitation, Supportive, and Palliative Care: Case Studies in Patient
Management. Quedgeley (UK): British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
Prydie D, Hewitt I. 2015. Practical Physiotherapy for Small Animal Practice.
Oxford (UK): John Willey and Sons
 Alternatif 2

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