NCM 109

Statistics on
Maternal and
Child Health
NEONAT
E
MORTALIT
Y 2.4 million newborns died in 2020. Every day,
approximately 6,700 neonates die (WHO, 2022)
Highest mortality rate in the world:
Sub-Saharan Africa (27 deaths per 1000 live birth; 43%
from global neonatal deaths)
Central and Southern Asia (23 deaths per 1000 live
births; 36% from global neonatal deaths)
Causes of most neonatal deaths:
preterm birth
intrapartum-related complications like birth asphyxia
(inability to breathe at birth)
infections
birth defects.
Three main causes of death for newborns worldwide:
1. Prematurity
2. intrapartum-related complications
3. Sepsis.
NEONAT
E
MORTALIT
Y 2019 Philippine Health Statistics - DOH
The
From the total infant deaths of 21,723, more deaths occurred to infants
less than 28 days old with 55.1% (11,966) deaths than to infants one month
to less than one year old with 44.9% (9,747) deaths.
NEONAT
E
MORTALIT
Y 2019 Philippine Health Statistics - DOH
The
Among the leading causes of infant mortality, the top two were
neonatal. These were (1) respiratory distress of newborn (2,675; 12.3%) and
(2) bacterial sepsis of newborn (2,253; 10.4%).
NEONAT
E
MORBIDIT
Y
There is little data on the numbers on
neonatal morbidity from WHO. However,
in 2014, approximately 10.6% of live
births were preterm and low birth
weight. - WHO
In 2015, 20.10% of neonates born in the
Philippines had low birthweight.
 Children < 5 yrs
old
MORTALIT
Y In 2019, children aged 1-11 months accounted
for 1.5 million deaths while children under 1-4
years old accounted for 1.3 million deaths (WHO,
2020).
In 2019, pneumonia accounts for 14% of all
deaths of children under the age of five, killing
740,180 children (WHO, 2022).
In the Philippines, pneumonia was the leading
cause of mortality among children under five
years of age in 2019, which caused approximately
1.43 thousand deaths (DOH, 2019).
Children < 5 yrs old
Children < 5 yrs old
 Children < 5 yrs
old
MORTALIT
Y Sub-Suharan Africa and Southern Asia account for more
than 80% of the 5 million under-5-year-old deaths in
2020 (WHO, 2022).
In 2020, an estimated 5 million children under the age of
5 died, mostly from preventable and treatable causes
(WHO, 2022).
The leading causes of death
include:
a. pre-term birth complications
b. asphyxia/ trauma
c. pneumonia
d. diarrhea
e. malaria
 Children < 5 yrs
old
MORTALIT
Y In the Philippines, 22 for every 1,000 live births die
before reaching one year of age, and 30 children die
before reaching 5 years old (PSA, 2012).

Nutrition-related factors
contribute to about 2.7
million child deaths
annually or 45% of deaths
in children under five years
of age (WHO, 2022).
Children < 5 yrs old
According to World Health Organization (n.d.), two out of every
three infants are not exclusively breastfed for the necessary six
months. Throughout the past 20 years, nothing has changed.
With that, malnutrition in all its forms could result from this
situation.
Children who are malnourished, especially those with severe
acute malnutrition, have a higher risk of dying from common
childhood diseases such pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria
(WHO, 2020).

45% of child
mortality are
linked to
undernutrition
(WHO, 2021).
 During
Pregnancy,
labor, and
postpartum
 Maternal
Mortality
According to the World Health
Oragnization, maternal death is the death of
a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of
termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the
duration and the site of the pregnancy, from
any cause related to or aggravated by the
pregnancy or its management, but not from
accidental or incidental causes.
 Maternal
Morbidity
According to the World Health Organization
(n.d.) maternal morbidity refers to any health
problem attributed to and/or complicating
pregnancy, and childbirth that has a negative
impact on the woman’s well-being and/or
functioning.
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
YEAR 2010

As determined by Department of Health, there are 4 main causes

of maternal mortality and morbidity in the Philippines in 2010.

1. Complications related to pregnancy occurring in the course of

labor, delivery and puerperium.
2. Hypertension complicating pregnancy, childbirth and
puerperium
3. Postpartum hemorrhage
4. Pregnancy with abortive outcome
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
YEAR 2017
Worldwide:
According to the World Health Organization
Approximately 810 women die every day from preventable
causes related to pregnancy and childbirth.
The global maternal mortality ratio (MMR, the number of
maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) fell by 38%
between 2000 and 2017.
Also, approximately 295,000 women died during and after
pregnancy and childbirth.

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality
 Maternal
Mortality
Women die due to complications during
and following pregnancy and
childbirth. Most of these complications
develop during pregnancy and most
are preventable or treatable. Other
complications may exist before
pregnancy but are worsened during
pregnancy, especially if not managed
as part of the woman’s care.
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES

According to the World Health Organization (n.d.), common direct causes

of maternal morbidity and mortality in 2017 includes::
1. Blood loss
2. Infections
3. Hypertension
4. Unsafe abortion
5. Obstructed Labor
The same article also listed some of the indirect causes of maternal
morbidity and mortality namely; anemia, malaria, and heart disease.
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
Low -income countries are defined as those with the weakest economies as evaluated by the World Bank
Some countries classified under this are Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, North Korea, etc. These countries are
often considered as the poorest in the world and most often experience issues related to poor economic
health such as below-average life expectancy, high infant mortality rates, etc. (Low-Income Countries 2023,
n.d.).
Lower middle-income countries are those whose GNI per capita between $1,036-$4,045. Some countries
which fall on this category are Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Middle-income economies house 75%
of the world's population, and include 62% of its poor (Middle-Income Countries 2023, n.d.).
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
YEAR 2017
94% of all maternal deaths
occur in low- and lower-middle-income countries.
This percentage reflects the inequalities in access to quality health services
and highlights between the rich and the poor.
MMR:
Low-income countries:
462 per 100 000 live births
High-income countries:
11 per 100 000 live births
Retrieved from Sociosite

https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/maternal-mortality#:~:text=A%20woman's%20lifetime%20risk%20of,45%20in%20low%2Dincome%20countries.
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
YEAR 2017
Philippines:
The number of registered maternal
deaths reached
a total of 1,484.
It was an increase of one maternal
death from last year’s record of 1,483
maternal deaths.
The 2017 Maternal Mortality Ratio
(MMR) is
0.9 per one thousand live birth.
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
Philippines
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
Philippines
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
Philippines

The Bicol Region recorded the highest

MMR of 1.2 maternal deaths per one
thousand live births. While ARMM had the
lowest with 0.4 deaths per one thousand
live
births. Six (6) out of 17 regions had MMR
higher than the national rate of 0.9.
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
Philippines
 STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
CORDILLERA
REGION
In the region, there is a total of 15 registered maternal death recorded
with a rate of 0.5%, 0.1% lower than the national MMR of 0.9%

According to The 2017 Philippine Health Statistics, Epidemiology Bureau Department of Health
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
YEAR 2019

According to the World Health Organization

(2019), almost 75% of maternal death and
infirmity after birth is caused by:
1. Severe Bleeding
2. Infection
3. Complications from delivery
4. Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia
5. Unsafe abortion
 STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES

According to The 2019 Philippine Health Statistics, Epidemiology Bureau Department of Health
 STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES

According to The 2019 Philippine Health Statistics, Epidemiology Bureau Department of Health
 STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES

In 2019, there were 1,458 registered maternal deaths,

resulting in a maternal mortality rate (MMR) of
0.9 deaths per thousand livebirths.
From 2018 to 2019, there was a decrease of 158
maternal deaths and 0.1 maternal deaths per
thousand livebirths.
According to The 2019 Philippine Health Statistics, Epidemiology Bureau Department of Health
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES

From the records of the Philippine Health Statistics,

on 2019 the following data was recorded.

Maternal Mortality Causes

Eclampsia: 233 deaths, 16.0% of the total
maternal deaths
Gestational Hypertension (with proteinuria):
215 deaths, 14.3% of the total maternal
deaths
 STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES

According to The 2019 Philippine Health Statistics, Epidemiology Bureau Department of Health
 STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES

The CARAGA Region had the highest MMR,

with 1.2 maternal deaths per 1,000 live
births. BARMM had the lowest rate, with
0.4 deaths per thousand live births. Six (6)
of the 17 regions, including the CARAGA
Region, had MMRs higher than the national
MMR of 0.9.
According to The 2019 Philippine Health Statistics, Epidemiology Bureau Department of Health
 STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
CORDILLERA
REGION
In the region, there is a total of 25 registered maternal death recorded
with a rate of 0.8%, 0.1% lower than the national MMR of 0.9%

According to The 2019 Philippine Health Statistics, Epidemiology Bureau Department of Health
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
YEAR 2020
Philippines
As reported by the Philippines Statistics Authority
(2020), a total of 1,975 women were identified to have
passed away in the Philippines due to maternity causes
and the highest number of maternal deaths were
recorded in CALABARZON with 344 deaths (17.4%).
STATISTICAL DATA AND
CAUSES
Philippines
 references
Albornoz, R. A. M., & De Guzman, A. (2019). The 2019 Philippine health
statistics. DOH. https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/
2019PHS_Final_092121.pdf

Department of Health. (2013, December 9). Maternal death by main cause.

https://doh.gov.ph/Statistics/Maternal-Deaths-By-Main-Cause

Department of Health. (2017). The 2017 Philippine health statistics.

https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/2017PHS.pdf
 references
Department of Health. (2021, June 30). Annual report. https://doh.gov.ph
/sites/default/files/publications/7th%20Annual%20Report20on
%20the%20Implementation%20of%20Responsible%20Parenting
%20and%20Reproductive%20Health%20Act%20of%202012%20%
282020%29%2007052021.pdf

Philippine Statistic Authority. (2012, September 19). Death among

children under five years of age continues to decline. https://psa.gov
.ph/press-releases/id/30998
 references
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2022, January 31). Registered deaths in
the Philippines, 2020. https://psa.gov.ph/content/registered-deaths-
philippines-2020

World Health Organization. (n.d.). Maternal morbidity and well-being.

https://www.who.int/teams/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-
health-and-ageing/maternal-health/maternal-morbidity-and-well
-being
 references
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Maternal health. https://www.who.int/
health-topics/maternal-health#tab=tab_1

World Health Organization. (2015). Maternal, newborn, child and

adolescent health and ageing. https://platform.who.int/data/
maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-ageing/indicator-explorer-
new/mca/low-birthweight-(-newborns-who-weigh-2.5kg)
 references
World Health Organization. (2019). Maternal, newborn, child and
adolescent health and ageing. https://platform.who.int/data
/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-ageing/indicator-explorer-
new/mca/number-of-neonatal-deaths---by-cause

World Health Organization. (2019, September 19). Maternal mortality.

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-
mortality
 references
World Health Organization. (2020, September 8). Children: improving
survival and well-being. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact
-sheets/detail/children-reducing-mortality

World Health Organization. (2021, June 9). Infant and young child
feeding. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-
and-young-child-feeding
 references
World Health Organization. (2021, August 30). Maternal mortality.
https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/maternal-
mortality

World Health Organization. (2022, January 28). Child mortality (under 5

years). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/levels-
and-trends-in-child-under-5-mortality-in-2020

World Health Organization. (2022, January 28). Newborn mortality.

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/levels-and-
trends-in-child-mortality-report-2021
 references
World Health Organization. (2022, November 11). Pneumonia in children.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pneumonia

World Population Review. (n.d.). Low-Income Countries 2023.

https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/low-income-
countries

World Population Review. (n.d.). Middle-Income Countries 2023.

https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/middle-
income-countries