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Fire Prevention & Protection

HSE Presentation
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What is a Fire? HSEPROF.COM

It is a chemical reaction caused by the interaction of three components

These are;
• OXYGEN
• HEAT
• FUEL

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Mechanics of Fire HSEPROF.COM

In order to start a fire you need to have the right

mixture of Oxygen, Fuel and needed Heat.
People need at least 19 % of oxygen in the air to
live. Fire only needs 16 %.
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Eliminating Fire HSEPROF.COM

• Cooling – by lowering the temperature

• Smothering – by depriving of Oxygen
• Starvation – by removing the source of fuel
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The Spread of Fire HSEPROF.COM

• Direct contact - In their early stage, fires

spread most entirely by contact of flame to

combustible object

• Conduction – transfer of heat through solid

materials
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The Spread of Fire HSEPROF.COM

• Convection – transfer of heat by air

movement, hot air rises due to reduced

density

• Radiation – heat transferred from one surface

to another across the space

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Fire Fighting Equipment

• Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Hoses
• Fire Hydrants
• Fire Blanket
• Fire Nozzles
• Sprinklers
• Etc…
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CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE & IDENTIFICATION
OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
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Fire Detection HSEPROF.COM

• Heat Detector

• Smoke Detector

• Flame Detector
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Basic Fire Fighting

• Heated Surfaces (Machine etc…)

• Cloth, News paper on hot surfaces
• Faulty Machinery’s Electrical fittings, etc…
• Sparks (grinding. Welding. Cutting.
• Electrical Overloading/Heating
• Impact sparks (tools falling down to the tank, etc…)
• Static Electricity
• Spontaneous Combustion
• Cigarettes
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Basic Fire Fighting
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Fighting the Fire

• Fight the fire only if you have adequate means of escape.

• Do not fight a fire if gas cylinders are involved. Keep your distance.
• If a fire is too big (cannot be put out by a portable fire extinguisher) back away. Try to

contain the fire.

• Remove any combustible material around fire if possible.
• Give the location of incident, type, size of fire to Fire Warden or Fireman
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Evacuation Procedure

• On hearing the alarm, leave the building through the nearest safe exit.
• The last person to, leave must close all doors, windows, isolate power. Shut off A.C. units.
• Proceed to the assembly point.
• Do not re-enter the building - Never underestimate the speed at which smoke fire can spread.
• Do not use lifts.
• Do not re-enter until the all-clear has been given.
• Familiarise yourself with all emergency exit arrows.
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Safe Practices

Smoking
• Smoke only in authorized areas.
• Use proper ashtrays.
• Ensure Matches and cigarette
• Ends properly stubbed out.
• Proper warning notice to be placed.
• Do not smoke in bed.

Laundry & wet clothing

• Do not place clothes over heaters, radiators, etc.

• Clothes should be placed in a designated area
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Safe Practices

Electrical and other fittings

• Only authorized persons should interfere with electrical fittings.

• Do not use personal electrical appliances.
• Faulty fittings and wiring must be reported.
• All electrical fittings must be firmly secured.
• Make shift plugs, sockets and fuses should not be used.
• The circuit should not be overloaded.
• All portable electrical appliances should be disconnected after use.
• Drying clothes on electrical heaters are prohibited
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Safe Practices

Machinery Spaces

• Always keep the area clean. Prevent oil leakage, and remove combustible materials.
• Use containers for cotton waste, cleaning rags, oil rags, etc…
• Wood, paints, spirits, oil and other combustible objects/substances should not be kept in
machinery space.
• All electrical wiring should be well maintained/insulated.
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Safe Practices
Galleys
• Avoid overheating or spilling of fats or oil
• Ensure burners or heating plates are shut off when cooking is finished
• Ensure necessary fire fighting equipment is available (familiarize with its location)
• Galley exhaust must be properly maintained
Hot Work
• Obtain the necessary HOT WORK Permit before starting the hot work
• Ensure the Gas test is carried out in a hazardous location
• Ensure no combustible materials nearby
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Important Safety Tips
• See that you know what to do in case of fire.
• Make certain you know your escape.
• Keep fire doors and shutters clear and unobstructed.
• Don’t obstruct access to fire extinguishers: Learn how to use them.
• Don’t hang clothing over or near heating equipment.
• Don’t let paper, oily rags or other rubbish accumulate.
• Do not smoke in prohibited areas.
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Important Safety Tips
• Use approved safety can for carrying flammable liquids, not open tins or buckets.
• Handle flammable liquids at a safe distance from possible sources of ignition.
• Check before and after using blow lamps, welding and cutting equipment.
• Soldering irons and gas rings must be non-combustible stands.
• Switch off from the mains any electrical equipment when not in use.
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