Prevalence of Awareness of

Self- Assessment in
Diabetic Patients
Name of student Registration no

Khadija Naveed Dpt-fa18-196

Saba Amjad Dpt-fa18-211

Superviser:
Dr.Izza Ayub;PT
 Introduction
• Diabetes is a chronic alignment which is reported as 26.3% as per the
National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan NDSP.
Diabetes is a condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin or is
unable to utilize the insulin which leads to the less transfer of sugar from the blood
into the cells which ultimately results in high blood sugar level.

• Symptoms of diabetes are feelings of tiredness , fatigue ,thirst, hunger, and the urge
to urinate and weight loss despite eating more than usual . Diabetic people are
more prone to infection and often have dry skin and sores with delayed healing, and
diabetic patients feel tingling and numbness in their hands and feet (13)
Unexamined diabetes can lead to neuropathy and peripheral arterial diseases which
if not assessed early can lead to delayed healing and loss of limb (19)

• One of the primary intricacies of diabetes is diabetic foot or leg amputation. An

estimated limb is amputated every 30 seconds worldwide, and diabetic foot ulcers
bring on 85% of these amputations (29).
Knowledge about diabetes was help inform patients about specific
steps of general assessment to prevent and delay diabetes and diabetic foot
complications.
Objective
To analyze self-care assessment among
diabetic patients.

Research Question
What is the prevalence of awareness
and self-assessment in diabetic patients ?
 Rationale
• Many diabetic complications arise in diabetic patients that could lead to
amputation if not prevented.
• Very little data is available about the prevalence of awareness, self
assessment and care in diabetic patients.
• Self-care assessment and management is not common in diabetic patient
which leads toward complications of foot diseases.
• This study was helpful in the early prevention and analysis of diabetes and
its problems by spreading awareness.
Significance
• The research focuses on self-examination that was help people perform evidence
based self- care practices and help spread awareness of diabetic diseases and its
progression.
• The study was helpful in the early analysis of complications that can result
in severe complications like the loss of limbs and help in early prevention.
Review of Review of literature
Literature The Research was performed
on diabetic patients to check
awareness. In this study,117
diabetic patients were
involved; a maximum of them
were between the ages of 41-
50, and 71% were aware of
preventive measures. Foot
problems are a serious
concern of diabetic patients,
and this risk increases with
age, and it is dominant in
males. SNRD is the best tool
to identify foot complications.
To reduce the mortality rate,
primary and secondary
prevention are needed (48).
Review of literature
In 2019 research was
performed and goal was to
address hurdles in diabetic
patients to decrease the risk
of amputation. A detailed foot
examination of all the
participants was performed,
and data were obtained
through a questionnaire.Out
of 404 participants, 15% were
with foot ulcers. Foot care
practice was higher in
whoever had a foot examined
by a doctor and received
advice about foot health
problems (36).
 Materials and Methods
Study design
Sampling Cross-sectional
technique study
Random Sampling
Study duration
4 months after
approval of
Sample Size synopsis
Calculated as 102 by
Charan & Biswas
formula Ethical Consideration
Ethics clearance from
university & consent from
subjects was obtained
 Study Settings
Aziz Fatima hospital

Civil hospital

Allied hospital

Medina teaching hospital

 Inclusion Exclusion

 Age more than 19 years  Psychotic disorders or mental

 Both male and female
 Confirmed case of type 1 diabetes and
type 2 diabetes
 Diabetic Patients with or without
systemic diseases
 Patient with informed consent
retardation
 Leg or foot amputation
 Gestational diabetes mellitus
 Non-diabetic peripheral vascular
disease or neuropathy

 Patients with diabetic neuropathy

 Patients with diabetic foot complications

 Materials and Methods

Informed Outcome Date col- Data col-

consent measures lection lection
tool procedure
A written sign of Awareness of SDSCA Participants
consent was self-assessment DSMQ screened
taken from each and self-care Self-administered through the se-
participants be- practices in dia- foot questionnaire lection criteria
fore inclusion in betic patients was recruited
to into the study.
study
Statistical analysis

Statistical
analysis
SPSS version 20 was
used for statistical
Your Picture Here analysis and tabulation
of data. Frequency and
descriptive statistics
were used to find out
the prevalence of
awareness of self -
assessment among
diabetic patients
 Results
Demographic
Data
Frequency table of age of Participants

Age groups Frequency Percent

19-30 years 3 2.9

31-42 years 12 11.8

43-54 years 26 25.5

55-66 years 38 37.3

67-78 years 16 15.7

79 years & more 7 6.9

Add Text Total 102 100.0

 Results
Demographic
Data Frequency table of gender of Participants
Gender Frequency Percent
Male 50 49.0
Female 52 51.0
Total 102 100.0

52 50
Add Text
 Results
Questionnaire Bar chart of DSMQ

Add Text
 Results
Demographic
Data Frequency table of SDSCA

Tool Mean Std.Deviation

SDSCA 4.9118 2.71083

Add Text
 Results
Questionnaire Frequency table of overall foot risk level

Risk Level Frequency Percent

Low 31 30.4

Moderate 40 39.2

High 31 30.4

Add Text Total 102 100.0

Results
Conclusion
Our studies suggested that
there was significantly less
knowledge about diabetes
and self-review practices
that increased the risk of Moderate
foot problems in diabetic
patients. Education of
patients regarding self-
assessment practices is LOW HIGH
important to early identify
complications of diabetes
and prevent the risk of foot
diseases and amputation.
Discussions
Discussion

A descriptive study was conducted on diabetic patients admitted to agha khan hospital to check how
well do Pakistani patients adhere to diabetic care standards and concluded that adequate awareness
and education about diabetes are lacking and rate of achieving goals in diabetic patients is also low
which supports our study . Our research concluded the higher prevalence of diabetic patients who
doesn’t practice
care (57).
Discussion

Cross sectional study was conducted to observe the prevalence, awareness and take care of own
health in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania and questionnaire was administered in 404 patients and foot ulcer
present in 15%, 44% of them were with neuropathy and15% had peripheral vascular problem. It was
concluded that foot self-care was significantly higher in patients with who had received advice on foot
care and this study supports our research but this study focused on relation of education about
diabetes and foot care but our study was Held to check the prevalence of awareness of foot self-care
and we observed the risk of foot problems that was moderate to high
in majority of diabetic patients (58).
 Summary
The study was carried out among the confirmed
cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes from the
surgery and medicine wards of major hospitals
of Faisalabad. The population was consisting of
female and male patients and sampling
technique used in study was simple random
sampling technique. We initiated the data
collection from hospitals of Faisalabad. Consent
form was taken and screening forms were filled
by those who fit the criteria for the study and
showed interest in taking part in research.
Questionnaire that focused on general self-care
practices like diet, exercise, blood sugar
testing,medications and foot assessment were
administered in diabetic patients and we used
SPSS for data interpretation.
 Limitations

Majority of the participants

were illiterate so we asked
them questions by ourselves.

Language barrier was observed

because few patients were admitted
in FSD hospitals but they were from
other areas and spoke different
language.
 Recommendations
It is recommended to spread
education about diabetes and self-
care practices, and
conduct research and programs to
spread knowledge about self-
assessment and care.
Further conduct of randomized
controlled trials for the study of
efficacy of treatments.
Further researches could be
performed by taking larger sample
size. So, more
generalized results can be generated.
 References
1. Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the
prevalence of diabetes for
2010 and 2030. Diabetes research and clinical practice.
2010;87(1):4-14.
2. Ogurtsova K, da Rocha Fernandes J, Huang Y, Linnenkamp U,
A
Guariguata L, Cho NH, et
al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of
diabetes for 2015 and 2040.
Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2017;128:40-50.
B
3. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Shetty AS, Nanditha A. Trends
in prevalence of
diabetes in Asian countries. World journal of diabetes. C
2012;3(6):110.

D
4. Wilds S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global
prevalence of diabetes: estimates
for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes care.
2004;27(5):1047-53.
 Annexure
The University of Faisalabad
School of Rehabilitation Sciences

Consent Form

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research
project publication and presentation.
• I am agree to take part in above study.
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study and have had the opportunity to ask question.
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at any time, without any reason.
• I am also ensured that this data will not be misused in any form and my
identity will be kept secret.
• I ensure my full co-operation for completion of project
Signature ……………….
Data collection form
Data completion form
SDSCA
DSMQ
Foot Assessment tool
Foot Assessment tool
Foot Assessment tool
Plagiarism
Word Count
THANK YOU