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FORCES
Resolution of Forces
Resolution of forces
2–D 3 – D (Space)
To resolve a force into x-y components means to express the force as the sum of two
forces, one in the x-direction (the x-component) and one in the y-direction (the y-
component), When resolving a force into x-y components, we must have information on
the direction of the force and the magnitude of the force.
Parallelogram Laws: O A x
Sine Law:
Cosine Law:
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II SEM- ENGINEERING MECHANICS-RESOLUTION OF FORCES/DR.R.SUDHAKARAN 5
Composition of Forces
The process of replacing a force system by its resultant is called composition.
The Resultant of a pair of concurrent (occurring at the same time and gathering at the
same point) forces can be determined by means of Parallelogram Law, which states that:
Two forces on a body can be replaced by a single force called the resultant by
drawing the diagonal of the parallelogram with sides equivalent to the two
forces.
For example if F1 and F2 are two forces, the resultant ( R ) can be found by constructing
the parallelogram.
The angles (qx , qy and qz ) are the angles between the resultant force and the positive
coordinate axes. The cosines of these angles are called direction cosines. The summation
of cosine’s squares of these angles is equal ( 1 ):
If the angle is higher than (90o), the cosine is negative, indicating that the component is
opposite the positive direction. II SEM- ENGINEERING MECHANICS-RESOLUTION OF FORCES/DR.R.SUDHAKARAN 7
Resolution and Composition of Forces
Oblique Forces : Parallelogram Law
Example: Resolve the force(113.5 N) into two components along AB and AD.
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