UES009 Mechanics

Warm welcome to everybody!

Dr. Jay Prakash Tripathi

Assistant Professor, MED
Email: jay.tripathi@thapar.edu
 UES009 MECHANICS
L T P Cr
2 1 0 2.5

Course Objectives: The objective of this

module is to help students develop the
techniques needed to solve general engineering
mechanics problems. Students will learn to
describe physical systems mathematically so that
their behaviour can be predicted.
 Course Contents
• Review of Newton’s law of motion and vector
algebra:
• Equilibrium of Bodies: Free-body diagrams,
conditions of equilibrium, moment due to a force,
statical determinacy.
• Plane Trusses: Forces in members of a truss by
method of joints and method of sections.
• Properties of Plane Surfaces: First moment of area,
centroid, second moment of area etc.
• Friction: Sliding, belt, screw and rolling.
 Course Contents…..

• Virtual Work: Principle of virtual work,

calculation of virtual displacement and virtual work.

• Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams:

Types of load on beams, classification of beams; axial,
shear force and bending moment diagrams: simply
supported, overhung and cantilever beams subjected
to any combination of point loads, uniformly
distributed and varying load and moment.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
The students will be able to:
1. Determine resultant in plane force systems
2. Identify and quantify all forces associated with a static
framework
3. Draw Shear Force Diagram and Bending Moment
Diagram in various kinds of beams subjected to
different kinds of loads
 Text Books:
1. Shames, I. H. Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Pearson
Education India (2006).
2. Beer, Johnston, Clausen and Staab, Vector Mechanics for
Engineers, Dynamics, McGraw-Hill Higher Education
(2003).

Reference Books:
1. Hibler, T.A., Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics,
Prentice Hall (2012).
2. Timoshenko and Young, Engineering Mechanics, Tata
McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, (2006).
Mechanics
Mechanics:
Mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences that is
concerned with the state of rest or motion of bodies
subjected to the action of forces.
 History

Great Pyramid of Giza, 2560 BC

The King's Grave, 1400 BC

Temple of Hera, 550 BC

 Mechanics: Newton’s Law of Motion
1) If a particle is at rest (or moving with constant velocity in a straight line), it will remain at
rest (or continue to move with constant velocity in a straight line) unless acted upon by a
force.

2) A particle acted upon by a force will accelerate in the direction of the force. The
magnitude of the acceleration is proportional to the magnitude of the force and inversely
proportional to the mass of the particle.

3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction i.e., forces of interaction between
two particles are equal in magnitude and oppositely directed along same line of action.
 Mechanics
Concentrated Force: Effect of loading which is assumed to act at a point (CG) on a body.
Provided the area over which load is applied is very small compared to overall size of body.

Concurrent and non concurrent system of

forces

When line of action of all forces pass through a

single point then it is concurrent system of
forces.

When line of action of all forces does not pass

through a single point then it is non concurrent
system of forces
 Mechanics: Fundamental Properties of Vectors
The Parallelogram Law for Addition and the Triangle Law

Parallelogram Law: If two forces acting at a point are represented in magnitude and direction by the two adjacent
sides of a parallelogram, then their resultant is represented in magnitude and direction by the diagonal passing
through the point.

Triangle law: If two forces acting at a point are represented in magnitude and direction by the two adjacent sides of
a triangle taken in order, then the closing side of the triangle taken in the reversed order represents the resultant of
the forces in magnitude and direction.
Mechanics: Fundamental Properties of Vectors

Law of sines and cosines

 Mechanics: Fundamental Properties of Vectors
Illustration: Figure below shows two position vectors of magnitudes A=60 m
and B =100 m. Determine the resultant. A
40 sine law:
R
B B 140

R
100


40
140

?
A Cosine law:
60
 Mechanics: Fundamental Properties of Vectors
Illustration: A hook carries two forces F1 and F2, which define the angle α. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the resultant.

α
F2
F1

R
 Mechanics: Fundamental Properties of Vectors
Illustration: The screw eye in the figure is subjected to two forces F1 and F2. Determine
the magnitude and direction of the resultant force.

F2
150
FR

180-65
90-10-15

100 F1
 Mechanics: Fundamental Properties of Vectors
Illustration: Resolve the horizontal 600 lb force in the figure into components along the u
and v axes and determine the magnitudes of these components.

30
Fu
Fu
30

30
30 Fv
R=600 lb
R=600 lb
Fv
 Mechanics: Fundamental Properties of Vectors
Illustration: The vertical force P of magnitude 100 kN is applied to the frame shown in Fig.
Resolve P into components that are parallel to the members AB and AC of the frame.

P=100 kN
PAC
35
35
PAB

Applying the law of sines to the triangle, we

obtain
 Cartesian Vectors

The Force Vector is obtained by multiplying magnitude

of the force and unit vector.
Example: Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of the
resultant force acting on the ring.
Free body diagram (FBD)
 Free body diagram (FBD)

𝐓𝟏 𝐓𝟐

𝐓𝟑

𝐌𝐠

Colour light FBD of the lights FBD at the joint of

signals block cables
Free body diagram-Examples

FBD at FBD at
A B
Free body diagram-Examples

FBD of ball
A FBD of ball
B
Illustration: Two spherical balls each of radius 20 cm and weight 200 N
are kept between two vertical walls 60 cm apart. Determine the reactions
at all contact points. The balls are paced such that AB is double than AO.
Solution: Draw FBD’s of the two balls separately.
FBD of ball A FBD of ball B
A B

F
θ
C θ E

F
D

E F

𝑬
AO = 20 cm and AB = 40 cm;
Similarly 𝑭 𝑪 so, θ =60°

𝑫
 Lami’s Theorem
Illustration: The two blocks P and Q suspended through a cord ABCD are in
equilibrium. Determine the mass of the block Q if mass of the block P is 5 kg.

FBD at B FBD at C
AB
BC CD

? o ? o

o
o
FBC

AB BC CD BC

BC
Example: A wheel with weight G = 100N is held on a
smooth inclined plane by a cable. Determine the force in
the cable and contact force between the plane and wheel.
Take angles α = 300 and β = 150.
N
S


α -α /2+

G From Lami’s theorem

N = 100N
S = 51.76N
Example: Three boxes (weights G1, G2 and G3) are attached to
two cables as shown in Fig. The pulleys are frictionless. Calculate
the angles α1 and α2 in equilibrium configuration.
Consider Equilibrium in horizontal
and vertical directions

By rewriting the equations:

Squaring and Solving

Example: Two bars 1 and 2 are attached at A and B to a
wall by smooth pins. They are pin-connected at C and
subjected to a weight G = 150N. Calculate the forces in the
bars. Angles α1 and α2 are 300 and 450 , respectively.

α2

-(α1+ α2)
α2
α1
S1 = 109.81 N and S2 = 77.65 N

α1
 Self Exercise

The 500-N weight is supported by two cables, the cable forces being
F1 and F2 as shown in Fig. Knowing that the resultant of F1 and F2
is a force of magnitude 500N acting in the y-direction, determine F1
and F2.

To move the oil drum, the resultant of the three forces shown must
have a magnitude of 500 N. Determine the magnitude and direction
of the smallest force F that would cause the drum to move.
Thank You