CHAPTER 6

SOURCES OF ENERGY

SUB-TOPIC
Various sources of energy The sun as the primary sources of energy energy changes Renewable and non-renewable energy sources The uses of solar energy The need to conserve energy Ways to increase efficient use of energy The importance of conserving energy resources

Various sources of energy

Various sources of energy

ENERGY SOURCE TYPE OF ENERGY

Sun Wind Water Wave Geothermal Biomass (plant and animal waste) Fossil Radioactive substances

Solar energy, heat energy Mechanical kinetic energy (wind energy) Hydroelectric energy Mechanical kinetic energy (wave energy) Heat energy (inside the earth) Biomass energy

Fossil fuel or chemical energy Nuclear energy

ENERGY SOURCE

ENERGY SOURCE FOR DAILY LIFE

Sun

Solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy Solar panels absorb solar energy as heat for heating purpose
Windmills use wind power to pump water and generate electricity Fast flowing water used to generate electric energy Movement of sea water waves run generators and provide electricity

Wind Water Wave

Geothermal

Biomass (plant and animal waste) Fossil Petroleum is used as the main fuel for vehicles and machines Radioactive Nuclear power station to produce substances electricity

Steam is used to turn turbines and generate electricity food, plant for local heating (operate machines and engines)

TIME FOR VIDEO WATCHING!

The sun as the primary source of energy

sends out energy as solar radiation (light energy and heat energy)

Plant
Use solar radiation in a chemical reaction (photosynthesis) Energy from sun is stored in plants as food After million years, decayed plants and animals turn to fossil fuel (when fossil fuel is burned, they release heat energy) Heat energy from fossil fuel used to generate electricity.

THE SUN
Acts as the primary source of energy Solar energy consist of light and heat energy.

HEAT

LIGHT

Wind energy
Causes wind Wave Wave energy

Hydroelectric energy

Causes rain

HEAT

Used in: Solar furnace/solar panels

animals plants

Energy in fossil fuel and biomass

Electrical energy

LIGHT
photosynthesis
Absorbed by: Solar cells

Energy Changes

 Energy can be changed from one form into another, but it cannot be created/destroyed (law of conservation of energy)
When we use energy, we often convert it from one another to another.

ACTIVITY

OBSERVATION

ENERGY CHANGES

Rubbing 2 palms together

The palms feel Kinetic energy heat hot & sound of energy + sound energy rubbing is heard. Sound of clapping Kinetic energy is heard energy sound

Clapping

Lighting a lamp

The lamp lights Chemical energy up and becomes electrical energy + light hot energy + heat energy

Releasing a stretched spring (wind-up toy car)

The spring recoils Potential energy kinetic energy

OBSERVING ENERGY CHANGES

A- Potential Energy-Maximum Kinetic Energy-none

OBSERVING ENERGY CHANGES

B- Potential Energy-Minimum (half) Kinetic Energy-Minimum (half)

A

OBSERVING ENERGY CHANGES

C- Potential Energy-none Kinetic Energy-Maximum

B

Renewable and nonrenewable Energy Source

 Energy resources can be divided into 2 main group:

Renewable
Renewable

Non-Renewable
Non-renewable

Energy sources that Energy sources that can be replaced after cannot be replaced being used after being used (run out)

Wind wave

Fossil fuel biomass

hydroelectricity

geothermal Solar energy

Radioactive substances

Renewable

Non-renewable

Wind wave

Fossil fuel biomass

hydroelectricity

geothermal Solar energy

Radioactive substances

Renewable

Non-renewable

hydroelectricity wave biomass

geothermal Solar energy

Radioactive substances

Renewable
Wind

Non-renewable
Fossil fuel

hydroelectricity wave biomass

geothermal Solar energy

Radioactive substances

Renewable
Wind

Non-renewable
Fossil fuel

wave

biomass

Radioactive substances

Solar energy

Renewable
Wind hydroelectricity
geothermal

Non-renewable
Fossil fuel

wave

biomass

Radioactive substances

Solar energy

Renewable
Wind hydroelectricity
geothermal

Non-renewable
Fossil fuel

Radioactive substances

Solar energy

Renewable
Wind hydroelectricity
geothermal wave biomass

Non-renewable
Fossil fuel

Radioactive substances

Solar energy

Renewable
Wind hydroelectricity
geothermal wave biomass

Non-renewable
Fossil fuel

Renewable
Wind hydroelectricity
geothermal wave biomass Solar energy

Non-renewable
Fossil fuel
Radioactive substances

The uses of SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

Supplies by Radiates as (light energy and heat energy) Cannot be used directly Need to convert to other forms of energy using CONVERTES.

SOLAR ENERGY

HEAT
SOLAR PANEL PARABOLIC MIRROR AND FURNACE

LIGHT
PANEL OF SOLAR CELL

HEAT ENERGY

SOLAR PANEL

Used: Absorb solar energy for domestic water heating

HEAT ENERGY

PARABOLIC MIRROR AND FURNACE

focus heat energy to heat the furnace. Steam produced by the furnace is used to generate electricity

LIGHT ENERGY

PANEL OF SOLAR CELL

Convert (light ---->electricity) Used in 3 main ways: Power supplies for remote areas Power source for space satellites Power source for small electrical items (watches,calculator)

The need to conserve energy

 Conserve: FIND OUT WAYS to use less energy & not waste energy

Most of the energy comes from fossil fuel (non-renewable source) There will not be any left in the future Increased consumption of fossil fuel cause: environmental damage air pollution Global warming

The ways to increase efficient use of energy

Efficient use of energy: use most of energy with minimum waste of energy

Purpose: To reduce energy use and pollution

1. Planned and managed carefully nonrenewable energy source (can get cheaper fuel) 2. Develop renewable energy source with latest technology 3. Use energy-saving electrical appliances 4. Use fluorescent lamps compared to filament bulb (use 70 % less energy compared to filament bulb)

5. Use pressure cooker & cooking utensil made up of good conductor (reduce cooking time) 6. use public transport/car pooling 7. New building should be well ventilated, making used of solar technology and making used of natural light

The importance of conserving energy resources

 Ensure that is sufficient energy resources for the future Avoid the rising of the energys cost Reduce air pollution, slow down global warming Have enough time to seek out alternative energy source for future needs