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Reading and
Writing Skills
Class

Prepared by: Ms. Vanessa R. Abayare

 LESSON NO. 5

PROPERTIES OF A
WELL-WRITTEN
TEXT
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 Objectives

1. Identify the properties of a well- 3. Know that the choice of words

written text affects the quality of a text
2. Identify the different kinds of 4. Appreciate the value of proper
cohesive devices language use

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 I HAVE A QUESTION…

How is it important for the writers to plan

carefully before they actually writing?

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PROPERTIES OF A
WELL-WRITTEN 1. ORGANIZATIO
TEXT N
2. COHESION
AND
COHERENCE
3. LANGUAGE
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 1. ORGANIZATION

In writing means that the writer must consciously

arrange and classify ideas in order to achieve logical
order and clarity in writing. Organization entails that
the ideas in writing must be interconnected with one
another.

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‘Compared with other versions, Edison’s light bulb became
successful because he used carbonized bamboo as the filament. This
made the bulb last longer and it was cheap enough to be available for
the masses. Along with his team, Edison just only improved the
previous works of other inventors who also worked on the same
project. It is widely believed that Thomas Edison invented the light
bulb whereas he was simply the one who created the first
commercially viable light bulb.’

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_______A. Compared with other versions, Edison’s light bulb became successful
because he used carbonized bamboo as the filament.
_______B. This made the bulb last longer and it was cheap enough to be available for
the masses.
_______C. Along with his team, Edison just only improved the previous works of
other inventors who also worked on the same project.
_______D. It is widely believed that Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.
1__ D. It is widely believed that Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.
2__ C. Along with his team, Edison just only improved the previous works of other
inventors who also worked on the same project.
3__ A. Compared with other versions, Edison’s light bulb became successful because
he used carbonized bamboo as the filament.
4__ B. This made the bulb last longer and it was cheap enough to be available for the
masses.
Key points

• Text organization makes a text easy to read. It prevents the

readers from becoming confused by a jumble of words,
sentences, and paragraphs that are in no particular order.
• Organization can be achieved through the physical format,
signal words, and structure.

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Key points

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Welcome
students!

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 2. COHESION AND COHERENCE

Cohesion – refers to the smooth transition

among the ideas represented in the sentences and
paragraphs, facilitated by the grammatically
correct connections within and among
sentences

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 2. COHESIVE AND COHERENT

Cohesion – It is the noun form of the adjective cohesive which refers to

the use of linguistic devices or signal words to join sentences together; on
the other hand.
Coherence – Is the noun form of the adjective coherent which refers to the
overall sense of unity of the text.

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Is it possible that your written text is coherent
but not cohesive? Or cohesive but not
coherent?

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 COHESIVE BUT NOT COHERENT

I had the most beautiful

experience when I went to the zoo.
I saw different kinds of birds. But it
was my first time to see a carabao
flying.
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 2. COHESION AND COHERENCE

are achieved when ideas are logically,

clearly, and smoothly linked to one
another; without it, the reader may not be
able to comprehend your composition.

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 2. Coherence

• Occurs when ideas are connected at the

conceptual or idea level. It can be seen
through well-defended arguments and
organized points.

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 2. Cohesion

• Is the connection of ideas at the sentence level.

It can be readily seen in a text through the
smooth flow of the sentences and the
connection of the ideas.

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 2. Cohesion
Techniques to improve paragraph cohesion: Transitions
Use a conjunction or conjunctive adverb to link sentences with particular logical
relationships.
 To Specify Sequence
again, also, and, and then, besides, finally, first . . . second . . . third, furthermore,
last, moreover,
next, still, too
 To Specify Time
after a few days, after a while, afterward, as long as, as soon as, at last, at that
time, before, earlier, immediately, in the meantime, in the past, lately, later,
meanwhile, now, presently, simultaneously, since, so far, soon, then, thereafter,
until, when

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 2. Cohesion
 To Specify Comparison: again, also, in the same way, likewise, once more, similarly
 To Specify Contrast: although, but, despite, even though, however, in contrast, in spite of,
instead, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the one hand . . . on the other hand,
regardless, still, though, yet
 To Specify Examples: after all, for example, for instance, indeed, in fact, of course,
specifically, such as, the following example, to illustrate
 To Specify Cause and Effect: accordingly, as a result, because, consequently, for this
reason, hence, if . . . then, since, so, then, therefore, thereupon, thus, to this end
 To Specify Place: above, adjacent to, below, beyond, closer to elsewhere, far, farther on,
here, near, nearby, opposite to, there, to the left, to the right
 To Specify Concession: although it is true that, granted that, I admit that, it may appear
that, naturally, of course
 To Specify Summary, Repetition, or Conclusion: as a result, as has been noted, as I have
said, as mentioned earlier, as we have seen, in any event, in conclusion, in other words, in
short, on the whole, therefore, to summarize
COHERENCE WITHOUT COHESION

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COHERENCE WITHOUT COHESION

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COHERENCE AND COHESION

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 COHERENCE AND COHESION
• has a central concept linking all
the help ideas in the text
• ideas are presented in a logical
manner
• main points is clear, and the text is
easy to follow and understand

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COHERENCE AND COHESION

the subject matter?

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COHERENCE AND COHESION

the subject matter?

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 • a text with cohesion but no
KEY POINTS
coherence has no definite
point
• A text with
• a text with both cohesion and
coherence but no
coherence is logically
cohesion is difficult sequenced and stays on topic
to follow

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 3. LANGUAGE USE
-The way language is used is one of the clearest indicators of a well-written text. It
enables the writer to effectively communicate ideas without confusing the reader.
Language use is another factor in determining if the text is well-written or not. It
pertains primarily to diction, which refers to choosing the right word for the specific
context. It also deals with the ability of the writer to show his or her command of the
language. (Avoid using colloquial words which can be vulgar or derogatory. Avoid also
the use of jargon or technical words for they may be unfamiliar for most people.

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 3. LANGUAGE USE
An effective language is:

-Specific
-Concise
-Familiar
-Correct
-Appropriate

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 3. LANGUAGE USE

Levels of Language Use

1. Informal/ Personal
2. Standard/Academic
3. Business/Technical

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 4. MECHANICS

Another property of a well-written text is the

observation of writing mechanics.
Writing mechanics refer to spelling, grammar,
punctuation, indention, and capitalization.

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 Put a check (√) on the sentence that applies correct language use and (X)
if not.
_____ 1. Jonas, you are needed in the office ASAP.
_____ 2. Our report needs to be submitted on Feb. 13, 2023.
_____ 3. This truth is more enduring than any other.
_____ 4. Nobody here wants no trouble.
_____ 5. Dr. Jose Rizal is also known as Pepe.

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File Edit View

Thank You
See you next time.

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