NAMA : Meivy Ashlama Maulida

NIM : 043619244

DEFINITION
The meaning of the gerund itself is a verb that functions as a noun. The gerund is almost the
same as the form in the Present participle/V-ing, but it turns out that the Gerund is a noun,
while the Present participle is an adjective. If the gerund is used as a subject, the gerund can
stand alone or form a gerund phrase. While the meaning of infinitive is a basic verb that has
not changed its form, either due to a change in time (tenses) or the addition of the s/es/ies
suffix.
STRUCTURE
From the structure, the gerund and the infinitive are quite easy to see the difference. The
gerund is formed by adding the ending -ing to a basic verb. The infinitive is a word formed
by adding "to" before the basic verb. Example:

 Eat (verb dasar) + -ing : eating (gerund)

 To + eat (verb dasar) : to eat (infinitive)

FUNCTIONS / USAGE
Functionally, the gerund and the infinitive have similarities as well as differences.
Equation
Both the gerund and the infinitive can be the object of a main verb. Example:

 She regretted leaving the party so soon. (Dia menyesal meninggalkan pesta begitu
cepat.) (gerund)
 I forgot to bring my lunch box. (Saya lupa membawa kotak bekal makan siangku.)
(infinitive)
Next, the gerund and the infinitive can also be the subject of a sentence. Example:

 Running is my hobby. (Berlari adalah hobiku.) (gerund)

 To master English is my dream. (Untuk menguasai bahasa Inggris adalah impianku.)
(infinitive)

Difference
The gerund can be the object of a preposition, while the infinitive cannot. Example:

 She is good at painting (dia (pr) pandai melukis)

The gerund is used to express an action that is real or has been completed. Example:

 I considered joining the math olympiad. (Saya mempertimbangkan untuk ikut olimpiade
matematika.)
The infinitive is used to express an abstract or new action to be performed. Example:

 I'd like you to pick me up tomorrow. (Aku ingin kamu menjemputku besok.)

MAIN VERB
Finally, to make it easier to determine when to use the gerund and when to use the
infinitive, we can look at the main verb in a sentence as a reference. Some main verbs can
only be followed by a gerund, and some main verbs can only be followed by an infinitive.
There is also a main verb that can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive. Here's the list:
Verbs that can only be followed by a gerund include : avoid, celebrate, consider, delay,
dislike, enjoy, excuse, finish, forgive, involve, keep, mind, pardon, postpone, prevent, risk,
save, stop, and others. Example:

 My mom enjoys cooking so much. (Ibuku sangat suka memasak.)

 I've just finished writing an article. (Aku baru saja selesai menulis artikel.)
 Keep reading books every single day, Jihan! (Teruslah membaca buku setiap hari, Jihan!)
 Do you mind giving me the cupcake? (Apakah kamu keberatan untuk memberiku
cupcake?)
 Can you stop consuming junk food? (Bisakah kamu berhenti mengonsumsi makanan
cepat saji?)
Verbs that can be followed by the infinitive include : afford, agree, aim, arrange, bother,
claim, consent, decide, demand, determine, fail, guarantee, happen, have, hesitate, hope,
offer, pretend, proceed, promise , propose, prove, strive, swear, vow, and others. Example :

 Joe can't afford to buy a luxurious car. (Joe tidak mampu membeli mobil mewah.)
 We agreed to visit Sam's family next month. (Kita setuju untuk mengujungi keluarga Sam
bulan depan.)
 Chelsea decided to take an English course. (Chelsea memutuskan untuk mengambil
kursus bahasa Inggris.)
 Let's pretend to know nothing about the crime. (Mari kita berpura-pura tidak tahu apa-
apa tentang kejahatan itu.)
 I promise to study hard. (Aku berjanji untuk belajar dengan giat.)
Verbs that can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive include : allow, attempt, begin,
cease, continue, deserve, fear, hate, intend, like, love, neglect, omit, permit, prefer,
recommend, start, and others. Example:

 I love playing football with my friends. (Aku suka bermain sepak bola dengan teman-
temanku.) (gerund)
 I'd love to have a cup of coffee tonight. (Aku ingin minum segelas kopi nanti malam.)
(infinitive)
 He started practicing yoga this morning. (Dia (laki-laki) mulai berlatih yoga tadi pagi.)
(gerund)
 Will you start to learn Korean with me? (Maukah kamu mulai belajar bahasa Korea
denganku?) (infinitive)

GERUND AND INFINITIVE FORMULA

Examples of gerund
and infinitive
Functions Formula sentences
Her problem is
Simple Gerund verb + ing not knowing enough.
He was excited
about having
having + past watched the race from
Perfective Gerund participle the start to finish.
Being chosen to be part
being + past of this team is really
Passive Gerund participle great.
Having been
selected for the
having + been + past experiment gave her
Gerund Perfective Passive Gerund participle career a boost.
Her plan is always
been to return to her
Simple Infinitive to + verb homeland.
She hoped to have
earned the gold medal
to + have + past by the time she was
Perfective Infinitive participle twenty.
to + be + present Their goal is to be
Progressive Infinitive participle working by March.
to + have + been + We wanted to have
Perfective Progressive Infinitive present participle been hiking by now.
The suggestion to be
to + be + past seen by a surgeon was
Passive Infinitive participle never followed.
They were happy to
to + have + been + have been chosen for
Infinitive Perfective Passive Infinitive past participle the award.
SUMBER :
- https://www.studiobelajar.com/gerund-and-infinitives/
- https://www.ef.co.id/englishfirst/kids/blog/gerund-dan-infinitive-apa-bedanya-/
- https://akupintar.id/info-pintar/-/blogs/pengertian-dan-perbedaan-gerund-and-to-
infinitive-beserta-contoh-kalimatnya-