Cell theory

Prayer Before Class

Dear Father in heaven, we are here before

Thee. Help us to study well. Help us to be
obedient and honest. Help us to love one
another. Bless our teacher, bless our school,
bless our country, and brings us all to heaven,
Amen.
 There are four pictures linked by one word- your aim is to work out what the
Instructions: word is, from a set of letters given below the pictures before the time runs
out.
 At the end of the lesson, the learners should
Objectives: be able to:

Define Cell.

Describe the contributions of Hook, Van

Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and
Virchow to cell theory.
Explain the postulate of cell theory
What Is cELL?

Cell is the basic structural and

functional unit of living
organisms.
cell theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
2.Cells are the smallest working units of all living
things.
3.All cells come from preexisting cells through cell
division.
Cell theory founder
and contributors
Robert hooke (1665)
• observed bark of cork trees under
a microscope.

• He coined the term “cell” which

originated from the Latin word
‘cellula’ which means little room.

• He thought cells only existed in plants

and fungi and not in animals.
Anton van leeuwenhoek (1673)

• He made and improved single lens

microscope.
• He was the first to observe under his
microscope the structure of red blood cell
of different animals as well as sperm cell

• He called them “animalcules”

• Therefore, it was known that cells
are found in animals as well as
plants.
Robert brown (1831)

• Built improved microscope and

used to observe cell.

• First to observe the nucleus of

cells.
Matthias Schleiden (1838)
• He was the German botanist that
concluded that all plant parts are made of
cells

• He declared that cell is

the basic building block
of all plant matter.
Theodore schwann (1839)
• He is a German physiologist, who was
a close friend of Schleiden, stated that
all animal tissues are composed of
cells.
Rudolf Virchow (1858)
• He proposed that all cells result from the
division of previously existing cells.

• He stated Omnis cellula e cellula. (All

cells come from cells)
Final postulate:

1.All organisms are composed of one or more cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)
(1838-39) 
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. (Schleiden & Schwann)
(1838-39) 
3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. (Virchow)(1858)
Evaluation
A.MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
Directions: Write T if the statement is true. If the statement is false, underline the word
which makes it wrong and write the correct word on the space provided.
_______________1. Cells are the basic units of function.
_______________2. Robert Hooke coined the term “cell” which originated from a Latin
word ‘cellula’ which means little room.
_______________3. Anton Lavosier was the first to observe and describe the structure of
red blood cell.
_______________4 .Theodore Schwann describes the third part of cell theory that all cells
come from existing cells.
_______________5.Matthias Schleiden was the German botanist that concluded that all
plant parts are made of cells.
Cell Structure
 Prayer Before Class

Dear Father in heaven, we are here before

Thee. Help us to study well. Help us to be
obedient and honest. Help us to love one
another. Bless our teacher, bless our school,
bless our country, and brings us all to heaven,
Amen.
 Review!!!
CELL
Is the basic unit of life.

C E L L T H E O RY

• All living things are made up of cells.

• Cells are the smallest working units of all living
things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells through cell
division.
 At the end of the lesson, the
OBJECTIVES: learners should be able to:

• Differentiate plant and animal cells.

• Identify the structure and function of
organelles within plant and animal cells
 organisms

UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR
An organism that is made up An organism that is made up of
of only one cell is called more than one cell is called a
Unicellular organism. multicellular organisms.
Size of cells
size of cells in human
shape of cells
 animal cell
• Nucleus
• Golgi Body
• Vesicle
• Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
• Mitochondria/Mitochondrion
• Cytoskeleton
• Centriole
• Lysosomes
• Cytoplasm
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Nucleolus
• Cilia
• Flagella
 Plant cell
• Nucleus
• Golgi Body
• Vesicle
• Lysosome
• Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
• Mitochondria/Mitochondrion
• Chloroplast
• Cell Wall
• Vacuole
• Cytoplasm
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Cilia
• Flagella
 What is cell organelles?
- Two Definition: Little organs
These cell organelles include both membrane and non-membrane bound organelles,
present within the cells and are distinct in their structures and functions.

Organelles without membrane: The Cell wall, Ribosomes, and Cytoskeleton are non-membrane-
bound cell organelles. They are present both in the prokaryotic cell and the eukaryotic cell.
Single membrane-bound organelles: Vacuole, Lysosome, Golgi Apparatus, Endoplasmic Reticulum
are single membrane-bound organelles present only in a eukaryotic cell.
Double membrane-bound organelles: Nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast are double membrane-
bound organelles present only in a eukaryotic cell.
List of Cell Organelles
and their Functions
 Cell Membrane/plasma membrane
Provides shape protects the inner organelles of
the cell, and acts as a selectively permeable
membrane.

Cytoplasm
These cell organelles contain enzymes, mainly responsible
for controlling all metabolic activity taking place within
the cell and are the site for most of the chemical reactions
within a cell.
Nucleus
- The largest, double membrane-bound
organelles, which contain all the cell’s
genetic information. Controls the
activity of the cell, helps in cell
division, and controls the hereditary
characters.
Other cell organelles
Mitochonria
An oval-shaped, membrane-bound organelle, also called
as the “Powerhouse of The Cell”. The main site of
cellular respiration and also involved in storing energy in
the form of ATP molecules.

Ribosomes
Non-membrane organelles, found floating freely in the
cell’s cytoplasm or embedded within the endoplasmic
reticulum. It is Involved in the synthesis of proteins.
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
reticulum
They are composed of cisternae, tubules, and
vesicles, which are found throughout the cell and
are involved in protein manufacture.

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

They are the storage organelle, associated with the

production of lipids, steroids, and also responsible
for detoxifying the cell.
Golgi apparatus
Membrane-bound, sac-like organelles, present within the
cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cells. It is mainly involved
in secretion and intracellular transport.

Lysosomes
A tiny, circular-shaped, single membrane-bound
organelles, filled with digestive enzymes.Helps in the
digestion and removes wastes and digests dead and
damaged cells. Therefore, it is also called as the
“suicidal bags”.
 centrosome and centrioles

- Composed of centrioles and found only in

the animal cells. It plays a major role in
organizing the microtubule and cell division.
 Plastids
Double membrane-bound organelles. There are 3 types of plastids:
• Leucoplast –Colourless plastids.
• Chromoplast–Blue, red, and yellow colour plastids.
• Chloroplast – Green coloured plastids.

Helps in the process of photosynthesis and

pollination, imparts colour to leaves, flowers,
fruits and stores starch, proteins and fats.
Microbodies
It is a membrane-bound, minute, vesicular organelles,
found in both plant and animal cells. They contain
various enzymes and proteins and can be visualized only
under the electron microscope.

Cytoskeleton
It helps cells maintain their shape and internal
organization, and it also provides mechanical support
that enables cells to carry out essential functions like
division and movement.
 Cilia and flagella
Cilia
Cilia are hair-like projections, small structures,
present outside the cell wall and work like oars to
either move the cell or the extracellular fluid.

flagella
It is a hairline structure that acts primarily as an
organelle of locomotion in the cells of many
living organisms.
VACUOLES
A membrane-bound, fluid-filled organelle found within
the cytoplasm. Provide shape and rigidity to the plant
cell and help in digestion, excretion, and storage of
substances.

pEROXISOME
A membrane-bound cellular organelle present in the
cytoplasm, which contains the reducing enzyme.
Involved in the metabolism of lipids and catabolism of
long-chain fatty acids.
 Evaluation
A.IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Read each statement carefully and identify what is being referred to.
1. This cell organelle is called the “Powerhouse of the cell.”
Answer:
2. A membrane-bound, fluid-filled organelle found within the cytoplasm.
Answer:
3. It provides shape, protects the inner organelles of the cell and acts as a selectively permeable
membrane.
Answer:
5. A jelly-like substance, which consists of water, dissolved nutrients and waste products of the
cell.
Answer:
6. The largest, double membrane-bound organelles, which contains all the cell’s genetic
information.
Thank You!