PLANNING

TYPES OF PLANS
1. Strategic Plans
2. Tactical Plans
3. Operational Plans
4. Long Term Plans
5. Short Term Plans
6. Single Use Plans
7. Standing Plans
8. Directional Plans
9. Specific Plans
Strategic Plan
• Plans that establish the organizations overall
goals and apply to the entire firm.
Tactical Plans
• Middle level management plan which refers to
procedures and transformation of strategic
goals/plans with specific goals.
Operational Plans
• Plans that apply to a particular unit area only;
the scope is narrow.
Long Term Plans
• Plans that go beyond three years.
• Everyone must understand the organizations
long term plan to avoid confusions.
Short Term Plans
• Plans that cover one year or less.
• Such plans must lead toward the attainment of
long term goals and are responsibility of the
unit/department heads.
Single Use Plans
• Plans used or stated once only as these applies to
the entire organizations.
Standing Plans
• Plans that are ongoing.
• Provide guidance for different activities done
repeatedly.
Directional Plans
• Plans that are flexible or give general guidelines.
Specific Plans
• Plans that are clearly stated and which have no
room for interpretation.
PARTS OF FUNCTIONAL AREA PLANA
1.Marketing Plan
2.Production Plan
3.Financial Plan
4.Human resource Plan
Marketing Plan
• A marketing plan is a comprehensive document
that outlines a company’s overall marketing
effort. It is a blueprint that outlines how a
company will implement its marketing strategy,
and use a combination of resources to achieve
business objectives including sales targets or
customer acquisition.
Marketing Plan
a) Situational and Target Market
b) Marketing Goals and Objectives
c) Marketing Strategies
d) Marketing Tactics
e) Schedule and Budget
f) Financial Data and Control.
Production Plan
• it consists of the planning of routing,
scheduling, dispatching and inspection, co-
ordination and control of materials, methods and
machines, tooling and operating times
Production Plan
a) The production capacity the company have.
b) The number of employees required.
c) The quantity of material which must be
purchased.
Financial Plan
• It entails developing financial projections that
assist in managing an organization's finances. In
order to provide management a forecast of how
much money will be required over a specific
time period, financial planning sets the stage by
examining past performance, current actions,
and desired outcomes.
Financial Plan
a) Evaluation of the firm’s current financial condition.
b) A sales forecast
c) The capital budget
d) The cash budget
e) A set of pro forma financial statement.
f) The external financial plan.
Human Resource Plan
• includes identifying needed team members,
assigning roles and tracking professional
relationships between staff members.
Human Resource Plan
a) Personnel requirements of the company.
b) Plans for the recruitment and selection.
c) Training plan
How to Make Planning Effective
1. Recognizing the planning barriers.
2. Using aids to planning.
1. Recognizing the planning barriers.
a) The managers ability to plan
b) Improper planning process
c) Lack of commitment to planning process
d) Improper information
e) Focusing on the present at the expense of the future
f) Concentrating on only the controllable variables.
2. Using aids to planning.
a) Gathering as much as information as possible
b) Developing multiple sources of information
c) Involving others in the planning process.
thank you