PLANNING

PLANNING

• The process that involves the setting of the organizations

goal, establishing strategies for accomplishing those goals,
and developing plans of action or mean that managers
intended to use to achieve organizational goals.
• It starts with setting a company’s mission and vision
together with its goals.
 Nature of Planning

• 1. Primary Function
• 2. Goal – oriented
• 3. Continuous Process
• 4. Flexible
• 5. Managerial Function
 Primary Function

• It provides the basic foundation from which all

future management functions arise.
 Goal – oriented

• Plans arise from objectives. Objectives provide

guidelines for planning.
 Continuous Process

• It is an on-going process of adapting the

organization with the change in business.
 Flexible

• Planning selects the best alternatives based on

certain assumptions. There is possibility of dead
log in the functions of the management. It has
one more alternative to suit future situation.
 Managerial Function

• It is found at all levels and all department of an

organization. It involves choosing the future
course of action from among alternatives.
Planning at Different Level of Management

• 1. Top Level Management (Strategic Planning)

• 2. Middle Level Management (Tactical Planning)
• 3. Lower Level Management (Operational
Planning)
 Top Level Management
(Strategic Planning)
• is a top – level planning which involves making
decisions regarding the organizations long term
goals and strategies.
 Middle Level Management
(Tactical Planning)
• is a middle – level management planning which
refers to procedures and transformation of
strategic goals/plans with specific goals.
• happens real time seeking short term outcome.
 Lower Level Management
(Operational Planning)
• is a lower – level management planning which
involves routine tasks repeatedly done by the
firms lower level unit.
• it is short term and may change year after year.
 Steps in Planning

• 1. Define your goals/objectives.

• 2. Determine where you stand in relation to set
goals/objectives.
• 3. Develop premises regarding future conditions.
 Steps in Planning

• 4. Analyze and choose among action alternatives.

• 5. Implement and evaluate the plan.
 Activity
A. “PYRAMID PLOT”
• Instructions: Read and analyze the statements below and identify whether it is strategic,
tactical or operational.

• 1. The company hires the finest designers and brings them to other countries for training.
• 2. The company works their way to improve the quality of their bags and lessen customer
complaints

• 3. The company works to become the leading manufacturer of bags in the country in five
years.
 Activity
B. Number the following steps (1-5) in planning according to how you understood the
discussion.

• _____1. Execute the idea/plan and asses the outcome.

• _____2. Identify your targets or desired end result.
• _____3. Foresee impending eventualities.
• _____4. Know your assets and edge as well as your flaws and vulnerability.
• _____5. Study the possible actions and make a choice among the options.