Marathwada Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s

DEOGIRI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

STUDIES

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Continuous Assessment-I
Theory of Machines-II

A
Case Study
on
Name of Topic:- Belt Tension And Alignment
Name of Student:- Nalawade Rohit Kailas
Roll Number:-ME3138
Contents

• Introduction of Case Study

• Problem Statement of Case Study/ Problem
• Solution with Numerical Analysis
• Conclusion
• References
 Introduction of Case Study

Belt tension and alignment are fundamental aspects of

mechanical power transmission systems that play a critical
role in ensuring efficient and reliable operation. These
principles are essential in various industrial and mechanical
applications, including manufacturing machinery,
automotive engines, conveyor systems, and more. Belt
tension refers to the force exerted on a belt to maintain
proper contact with the pulleys, enabling the transfer of
mechanical power, while alignment addresses the precise
positioning of pulleys to minimize wear, reduce energy
loss, and prevent equipment damage.
 Problem Statement of Case Study/ Problem
In a mechanical system, there is a belt drive arrangement
consisting of two pulleys, designated as Pulley A and Pulley
B. The system is defined by the following parameters:
1. Pulley A has a diameter of 0.254 meters and rotates at a
speed of 20 radians per second.
2. Pulley B has a diameter of 0.1524 meters.
3. The center distance between the two pulleys is 0.6096
meters.
4. The belt used in the system has a coefficient of friction of
0.3.
5. The belt material has a density of 480.77 kg/m³.
6. Additionally, Pulley A is vertically misaligned with Pulley B
by 0.0127 meters.
1. Calculate the tension in the belt considering the given parameters,
including the rotational speed of Pulley A, the coefficient of friction,
the belt density, and the center distance between the pulleys. Express
the tension in Newtons (N).

2. Determine the vertical correction required to align Pulley A and Pulley

B
 Solution with Numerical Analysis
Solution:

1. Calculate the tension in the belt:

We'll use the following formula to calculate the tension in the belt:

Tension (N) = (Tangential Force) / (Coefficient of Friction)

Tangential Force (N) = (Belt Speed^2 * Belt Density) / (Center Distance)

Where:
- Belt Speed (m/s) = (Angular Speed * Radius of Pulley A)
- Angular Speed (radians/s) = 20 rad/s (given)
- Radius of Pulley A (m) = Diameter of Pulley A / 2 = 0.254 m / 2 = 0.127 m
- Center Distance (m) = 0.6096 m (given)
- Coefficient of Friction = 0.3 (given)
- Belt Density (kg/m³) = 480.77 kg/m³ (given)
First, calculate the Belt Speed:

Belt Speed = (20 rad/s) * (0.127 m) = 2.54 m/s

Now, calculate the Tangential Force:

Tangential Force = (2.54 m/s)^2 * (480.77 kg/m³) / (0.6096 m) = 4079.42 N

Finally, calculate the Tension in the belt:

Tension = 4079.42 N / 0.3 = 13598.07 N

So, the tension in the belt is approximately 13598.07 N.

**2. Determine the vertical correction required to align Pulley A and Pulley B:**

We'll use trigonometry to calculate the vertical correction (h) needed to align Pulley A and
Pulley B. The formula is:

h = (D1 - D2) / 2 * tan(θ)

Where:
- D1 (m) = Diameter of Pulley A = 0.254 m
- D2 (m) = Diameter of Pulley B = 0.1524 m
- θ is the angle of misalignment, which can be calculated as the
arctangent of the height difference (0.0127 m) divided by the center
distance (0.6096 m):

θ = arctan(0.0127 m / 0.6096 m) ≈ 1.18 degrees

Now, calculate the vertical correction:

h = (0.254 m - 0.1524 m) / 2 * tan(1.18 degrees) ≈ 0.00603 m (or 6.03

mm)

So, the vertical correction needed to align Pulley A and Pulley B is

approximately 6.03 mm.
 CONCLUSION

1. The calculated tension in the belt is approximately 13598.07 N

(Newtons), ensuring efficient power transmission.

2. A vertical correction of about 6.03 mm is needed to align Pulley A and

Pulley B, crucial for preventing belt wear and maintaining system efficiency.