WORK STATION DESIGN

Introduction
• A design is known as ergonomics when it is anthropometrically,
Biomechanically and psychologically appropriate with the users.
• In designing a product, a designer must orient to production
friendly, distribution friendly, installation friendly, operation
friendly, and maintenance friendly principles
• A design must be human-centered so that it is functionally,
Technically, economically, esthetically, and ergonomically
appropriate with users.
Ergonomics Principle for Workplace/Workspace
Design (1/6)

Workspace must be designed for the expected

user population  Use relevant
anthropometric data

Workspace must have adequate clearance for

the user’s head, torso, arms, knees, and feet
Use largest individuals

Bent or unnatural posture should be avoided.

Bending the trunk or the neck sideways is
more harmful than bending forward.
Ergonomics Principle for Workplace/Workspace
Design (2/6)

Avoid arm outstretched either forwards or

sideways

Design the work for more sitting than

standing. Prolonged work in the same position
should be avoided

Arm movements should be either in

opposition to each other otherwise
symmetrical
Ergonomics Principle for Workplace/Workspace
Design (3/6)

Best distance between eye and working field

All tools and parts needed should be in fixed

place  no waste time to search

Tools should be prepositioned in such a way

that they can be conveniently pick up for use.
Ergonomics Principle for Workplace/Workspace
Design (4/6)

All tools and parts should be placed within a

comfortable reaching distance.

Handwork can be raised by using supports

under the elbows, forearms, or hands

Use rubber or padded strips to cover sharp

edges or corners of work tables and benches
with which the operator’s body (e.g. hands or
arms) may come in contact
Ergonomics Principle for Workplace/Workspace
Design (5/6)

Torso twisting action should be prevented

Use tool device to pull the object as close to

the body as possible, before lifting it.

Lifting heavy or bulky objects above shoulder

height should be prevented
Ergonomics Principle for Workplace/Workspace
Design (6/6)
Wrist bending in repetitive tasks should be prevented.
The general steps in a systematic
design procedure  Preparation (1)
The general steps in a systematic design procedure:
Identify all feasible design alternatives (2)

Compatibility of Reliability of the

the functional alternative
Functional characteristics designs under the
characteristics with design expected
constraints conditions
The general steps in a systematic design procedure :
Selection of the best design alternative (3)

Ease of
Economy of Efficiency of
Safe maintenanc
production operations
e & use
The general steps in a systematic design
procedure : Examination of the final alternative (4)

Dimensi pengukuran
Use Anthropometric Data in Design
Determine users’ population

chose targeted proporsition of

population

Determine important body dimension in

design

Determine percentile value

Determine the allowance

Workspace design and posture

• The working posture is determined by type of work. Each

posture has different influence on the body.
• Working postures :
– Sitting
– Standing
– Dynamic posture
 1. Work space design and sitting posture … (1)

Advantages Reducing the weight on the legs

Reducing energy used and blood circulation
Keeping stability degree of body
Reducing fatigue and subjective disorders after
working for more than 2 hours
Controlling legs to move

Disadvantages
Working in sitting posture causes weak stomach, bent
back bone. This condition boosts premature fatigue.
1. Work space design and sitting posture … (2)
 1. Work space design and sitting posture … (3)

• Sitting posture is best for the following situations:

1. A job needing accurate control by the legs
2. A job needing the act of writing and controlling.
3. A job needing no pushing power
4. A job needing mechanical tool with the height of more
than 15 cm from the anvil.
5. A job needing high body stability.
6. A job needing long duration
7. A job needing all objects within sitting posture.
 2. Work space design and standing posture … (1)

Advantages The Standing posture is a good posture for physically

and mental so that labor can work quickly, strongly
and carefully.

Disadvantages Changing of sitting position to standing position

will be tiring

Standing posture is more tiring than sitting posture.

The energy used is 10-15% than that of sitting
posture.
 2. Work space design and standing posture … (2)

• The jobs well done in standing posture are:

1. There is no rest foot
2. Labor handles heavy object more than 4,5 kg.
3. Labor often reaches many directions
4. Labor often does the job by pushing downward.
5. The job needs high mobility
2. Work space design and standing posture … (3)
3. Work space design and dynamic posture … (1)

The combination of standing and sitting posture is needed in

the following condition
1. The job is done either in sitting or standing posture
2. The job requires labor to reach object more than 40 cm
ahead or to lift 15 cm from the surface.
3. The range surface height is 90-120 cm.
3. Work space design and dynamic posture … (2)
3. Work space design and dynamic posture … (3)

• The sitting-standing position is the best posture compared to

either sitting or standing posture.
• The sitting-standing posture has been implemented in many
industries. Biomechanically, It has advantages because the
posture gives 30% less burden to backbone.
QUESTIONS?