Theoretical Driving Course (TDC)

For Student Driver’s Permit Applicants

Subject No. 1

Introduction to
Driving
Subject Code: TDC-15-S-01
 Introduction to Driving
Topic Outline:
1. Background/Evolution of Land Transportation and its Role in National Development
2. The Land Transportation Office
a. Mission
b. Vision
c. Organization
3. LTO Core application
d. Driver’s License
e. Motor Vehicle Registration
f. Law Enforcement and Ticketing System
4. Relationship with other Agencies
g. DOTr
h. LTFRB
i. PNP-HPG
j. MMDA/LGUs
k. DPWH
Background / Evolution of Land
Transportation and Its Role in
National Development
 Background / Evolution of Land Transportation and
Its Role in National Development

February 6, 1912 Legislative Act 2159 - Automobile Section

1926 Act Number 3045 - Automobile Division under BPW.

January 1, 1933 Act Number 3992 “Revised Motor Vehicle Law”

Reorganizing the division and its function
June 2, 1945
(section chief, division chief, director)
June 20, 1964 RA 4136 or the Land Transportation Traffic Code

March 20,1985 Executive Order 1011 – Land Transportation Commission (LTC)

Land Transportation Office (LTO)

June 30, 1987 -
Present Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB).
The Land Transportation Office
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Land Transportation And Traffic Code

Mission
Vision
Mandate
Organizational Chart
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code

MISSION
Rationalize the land transportation services
and facilities and to effectively implement
the various transportation laws, rules and
regulations.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code

VISION
A front line government agency
showcasing fast and efficient public service
for a progressive land transport sector.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code

MANDATE
Register roadworthy and emission-compliant
motor vehicles;
License quality drivers; and
Put order on the road and enforcement of land
transportation laws, rules and regulations.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code
LTO ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
(PERTAINING REGISTRATION & LICENSING)

Assistant Secretary

Executive Director

Law Enforcement Service (LES) Traffic Adjudication Service (TAS)

Field Enforcement Investigation &

Traffic Safety
Division (FED) Intelligence Division
Division (TSD)
(IID)

Regional Director

Assistant Regional Director

District Officers

Extension Office/DLRO
 Republic Act No. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code

SECTION 3 - DEFINITION
 Motor Vehicle
 Passenger Automobile
 Articulated Vehicle
 Driver
 Professional/ Nonprofessional Driver
 Owner
 Dealer
 Republic Act No. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code

 Garage
 Gross weight
 Highways
 Parking or Parked
 Tourist

Article III - Administration of Act

Section 4 – Creation of Commission Repealed by RA6374
Registration of Motor Vehicle
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Section 5: Compulsory Registration of Motor Vehicles
Amended by BP74

Section 6: Application and Payments for Registration

Section 7: Registration Classification

The Classification of vehicle shall be:
(1) Private
(2) For Hire
(3) Government
(4) Diplomatic
Amended by BP74
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Section 8 - Schedule of Registration Fees
Amended by: RA 8794 MVUC Law
AGE YEAR
Aged Private Vehicles - refers to private Current 2000
passenger cars registered under E.O. 43 1yr.Old 1999
series of 1986. Pursuant to MC # EMA-
MC-01348 dated 8/18/01 2yrs.Old 1998
3yrs.Old 1997
re: Clarification on the Rates of Collectible 4yrs.Old 1996
MVUC for Aged Motor Vehicles, hereunder
are the schedule of aged MVs, the base 5yrs.Old 1995
year of which is 2000 the year RA # 8794 Over 5 yrs old 1994 and below
become effective.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
CATEGORIES GVW RATES
AGE YEAR AGE YEAR PASSENGER CARS:
LIGHT
4 yrs.
Current 2000 1996 Current, up to up to 1600kg
old Php 2,000.00
5 yrs. old
1,400.00
Over 5 yrs. old
5 yrs.
1yr.Old 1999 1995 MEDIUM
old
Current, up to
1601 to Php 6,000.00
3 yrs. old
2yrs. Over 5 2300kg 4,800.00
1998 1994 4 to 5 yrs. old
Old yrs. old 2,400.00
Over 5 yrs. old
HEAVY
3yrs. 2301kg &
1997 & below Current, up to
Old above Php 12,000.00
5 yrs. old
5,600.00
Over 5 yrs. old
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
MONTHLY SCHEDULE IS BASED ON THE WEEKLY SCHEDULE IS BASED ON THE 2ND
LAST DIGIT OF THE PLATE NUMBER TO THE LAST DIGIT OF THE PLATE NUMBER
LAST DIGIT OF THE PLATE NUMBER 2ND TO THE LAST
(Monthly Schedule) SCHEDULE / WEEKLY
DIGIT OF THE PLATE
1 – January DEADLINE
NUMBER
2 – February
3 – March 1ST TO THE 7TH
1 2 3 WORKING DAY
4 – April
5 – May 8TH TO THE 14TH
6 – June 4 5 6 WORKING DAY
7 – July
8 – August 15TH TO THE 21ST
7 8 WORKING DAY
9 – September
0 – October 22ND TO THE LAST
Note: Vehicles may be registered two
0 9 0 WORKING DAY
months in advance
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Section 9 – Permissible Weights and Dimension of
Vehicles in Highway Traffic

R.A No. 8794

“MOTOR VEHICLES USER’S CHARGE (MVUC) LAW ”
An amount equivalent to 25% of the MVUC shall be imposed
on trucks and trailers for loading beyond their prescribed gross
vehicle weight: provided , that no axle load shall exceed
13,500 kgs.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

Section 10: Special Permit

Section 11: Additional Fees

Section 12: Fee for the Original Registration for part of year

Section 13: Payment of Taxes upon Registration

Section 14: Issuance of Certificates of Registration
Section 15: Use and Authority of Certificates of Registration
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Section 16 - Suspension of Registration Certificate
Registration of MV may be suspended if found:
 Unsightly
 Unsafe
 Improperly marked or equipped
 Unfit to be operated
 Capable of causing excessive damage to the highways
 Not conforming to minimum standards and specifications
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
OLD
Section 17 - Number Plates, three letters & three numbers
Preparation and Issuances

MV Private - all numbers and

letters are green with white
background for the old plates
while black with white
background for the new plates
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
OLD
three letters & three numbers

MV PLATES
MV Hire- all numbers and
letters are black with yellow
background.
Rainbow plates are for
tourist MV.

NEW
three letters & four numbers
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

MV PLATES
MV For Hire- all numbers
and letters are black with
yellow background.
Rainbow plates are for
tourist MV.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

TRAILER PLATES
Trailer Plates- all numbers
and letters are green with
white background for the old
plates while black with white
background for the new
plates.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

TRAILER PLATES FOR HIRE

Trailer Plates For Hire- all

numbers and letters black
with yellow background.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
OLD
three letters & three numbers

MV PLATES

MV Government - all
numbers and letters
are red with white
background.
NEW
three letters & four numbers
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

MV DIPLOMATIC

MV Diplomatic – all
numbers and letters are
blue with white background.
There are four or five
numbers.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
OLD
two letters & four numbers

MOTORCYCLE PLATES

MC/TC private - all numbers

and letters are green with
white background for the
old plates while black with NEW
white background for new. two letters & five numbers
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
OLD
two letters & four numbers
MC PLATES

MC/TC Government - all

numbers and letters are red
with white background.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

MC PLATES

TC For Hire - all numbers

and letters are black with
yellow background.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
Validation Stickers and Plate Year Tags
Validation Stickers –are stickers
that are attached on the windshield.

TRAILER

MC
GOVT
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
REGIONAL OFFICE NEW ASSIGNED LETTER
I I

MV PLATES II
III
B
C
IV – A D
IV – B V
Assignment and distribution of V E
Motor Vehicle License Plates VI F

from July 1, 2016 onwards. VII

VIII
G
H
IX J
X K
XI L
Based on Memorandum Circular XII M

No. 2018-2143 (Annex I) NCR N

CAR Y
CARAGA Z
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

REGION VII

REGION XI

REGION IV-A
 Registration of Motor Vehicle
PROTOCOL PLATES
1 and/or
PANGULO
President of the Republic of the Philippines

2 Vice President of the Republic of the Philippines

3 Senate President

4 Speaker of the House Representative

5 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Registration of Motor Vehicle
PROTOCOL PLATES
6 Cabinet Secretary

7 Senator

8 Congressman / Member – House of Representative

9 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court

Solicitor General, Presiding Justice and Other

10 Justices of the Court Appeals
Registration of Motor Vehicle
PROTOCOL PLATES
11 Chairman of the Commission on Elections

12 Cabinet Secretary

14 Chief of Staff, AFP and Chief, PNP

16 Regional Trial Court Judges (RTC)

Metropolitan Trial Court (MeTC),

17 Metropolitan Trial Court in the Cities (MTCC)
Metropolitan Trial Court (MTC) and Sha’ra Court
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

MV PLATES
The issuances of these Plates are at any
LTO Registration Offices wherein the
MV, TRL, MC & TC are first registered.
 Registration Motor Vehicle
Section 18 – Use of Number Plates

At all times, number plates shall be displayed in

conspicuous places, one in front and one in the rear.

The number plates shall be kept clean and cared

for, and shall be firmly affixed to the motor vehicle in
such a manner as will make it entirely visible and
always legible.
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

Exception in MV
Registration
 Registration of Motor Vehicle

Exception in MV
Registration
 Driver’s License

CONDUCTOR’S STUDENT PERMIT NONPROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL

LICENSE
 Driver’s License
Section 19 – Duty to have License

“The license shall be carried at all times when

operating a motor vehicle and shall be shown and/or
surrendered for cause and upon demand to any person
with authority under this Act to confiscate the same.”

Section 20: License for Enlisted Men Operating Government Vehicle

Repealed by BP398

Section 21: Operation of Motor Vehicle by Tourists

 Driver’s License
Section 22: Application for Driver’s License Amended by BP398
Professional
- An authority embodied in a form
prescribed by the LTO to a person to
operate a private and public utility
vehicle for a fee. Shall mean every and
any driver hired or paid for driving or
operating a motor vehicle, whether for
private use or for hire to the public.

 At least eighteen (18) years of age

 With Valid NPDL

 No contagious disease
 Driver’s License
Section 22: Application for Driver’s License Amended by BP398

Non-Professional
- An authority embodied in a form
prescribed by the LTO to a person to
operate a private motor vehicle.

 At least seventeen (17) years of age

 With Valid or Expired Student Permit (SP)

 Driver’s License
Section 23 – As Amended by RA 10930
• shall be entitled to a renewal of such license for ten (10) years – provided,
however, that DL holder has no traffic violation prior to renewal.
• The LTO shall serve as the repository of all lawfully issued traffic violation.
• Establishment of Stricter Rules Before the Issuance of Driver's License.

Demerit Point (Traffic Violation Points) – an arithmetical value,

specified by integer numbers, assigned to and accumulated by a
driver-violator for every corresponding traffic violation committed as
used in the Point System
 Driver’s License
Driver’s License (DL) - New
DRIVER’S LICENSE CODE AND VEHICLE CATEGORY SUMMARY
DL SEAT CAPACITY
RC DESCRIPTION GVW (KGS)
CODE (DRIVER + PASSENGERS)

1 A MOTORCYCLE 1+1
1 A1 TRICYCLE 1 + LGU
2 B PASSENGER VEHICLES 1 + 8 or less UP TO 5000 KGS
2 B1 PASSENGER VEHICLES 1 + 9 or more UP TO 5000 KGS
2 B2 CARRIER OF GOODS 1 + 2 or less UP TO 3500 KGS
2 BE LIGHT ARTICULATED UP TO 3500 KGS
3 C CARRIER OF GOODS 1 + 2 or less UP TO 12000 KGS
8 CE ARTICULATED 1 + 2 or less More than 3500 KGS
3 D PASSENGER VEHICLES 1 + 8 or more More than 5000 KGS
 Driver’s License
Driver’s License (DL) - New
Vehicle Type Certificate of Training or Seminar
Ambulance TESDA NC II for Ambulance Training Course
Firetrucks National Fire Training Institute
Armored Car Armored Services Association of the Philippines or other related
association
School Service Land Transportation and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)
Carrier of Hazardous Cargo TESDA NC III for Handling and Transporting of Hazardous Cargo
Trucks and Trailers TESDA NC III for Trucks, Haulers and Trailers Training Course
 Driver’s License
Driver’s License (DL) - New
Experience and Training Requirements – Professional DL

Valid NPDL
Driver’s License
 Driver’s License
Driver’s License - Front
 Driver’s License
Driver’s License - Back
Driver’s License

Nonprofessional
motorcycle,
Automatic Professional Light
Transmission Vehicle, Manual
and Automatic
Transmission

Professional Bus Driver, with

Authority to drive Special
Purpose vehicle, Automatic
Transmission only
 Driver’s License
Driving Enhancement Program (DEP)

• All holders of driver’s license for renewal shall be

required to attend the DEP

• Holders of delinquent DL must attend the DEP and

must pass the theoretical and practical examination

• DEP, theoretical and practical examination may be

imposed to DL holders during intervention program
 Driver’s License
Categories of Violations Demerit Point/s
a. Grave Violations 5
b. Less Grave Violations 3
c. All other violations not otherwise enumerated as
grave or less grave which shall be considered as 1
light
1 of public utility vehicles (PUV) shall be
Drivers
meted double the number of demerit points for
every traffic violation committed while operating a
For Hire motor vehicle. Accumulation Period. – during
the validity of DL
Including the driver of a private motor vehicle
operating as a PUV but without proper authority
from the LTFRB
 Driver’s License
Violation Points Penalty Hours
5 – 9 demerit points – Driving Enhancement Program (DEP) or
4 hours
applicants for renewal of DL accredited service provider
10 or more demerit points DEP plus Theoretical Exam 8 hours
same violation is committed for
DEP – 4 hours 4 hours
at least three (3) times
franchise-related violation Driver’s Academy with LTFRB
at least forty (40) demerit points Revoked for at least two (2) years 15 hours

Confiscation and revocation of SP and

Holders of SP (5 demerit points) may apply after one year
3 times revocation – Perpetual
 Driver’s License

A driver who is not able to complete the

intervention program within thirty (30) days from
his last apprehension, after a notice has been
given, shall have his driver’s license suspended
until he is able to attend the required course.
 Driver’s License
Period of Prohibition from Non-Pro to
PRO or additional DL Code

Demerit Points from

Date of Issuance Period of Prohibition
1-2 3 months
3-4 6 months
5 or more 1 year
 Driver’s License
Section 24: Use of driver’s license and identification card
Amended by BP398

“ Every license issued under the provision

of this Act to any driver shall entitle the
holder thereof, while the same is valid and
effective, to operate motor vehicles
described in such license,….
…. Professional DL holder must secure
Identification Card from LTO ”
 Driver’s License
Section 25: Driver’s Record

Any driver who changes his address shall, within

fifteen days, notify the Commissioner in writing of
his new address, name and address of his new
employer, the number of the motor vehicle he is
employed to operate, and such other information
as the Commissioner may require.
 Driver’s License
Section 26: Renewal of License
Amended by BP398

Any license not renewed on or before the last

working day prior to the expiry date shall become
delinquent and invalid, except when the license is
surrendered to the Director or his deputies on or
before the last working day prior to the expiry date
of such license as hereinabove specified in order to
avoid payment of the delinquency fees.
 Driver’s License
Section 27: Authority to Suspend, Revoke and Reinstate Driver’s License
Amended by BP398

Without prejudice to the authority of the court

in appropriate cases and except as herein
otherwise provided, the Director shall have
exclusive power and authority to suspend or
revoke for cause any driver's license issued
under the provisions of this Act.
 Driver’s License

Section 28: Driver’s Bond

Amended by BP398

Section 29: Confiscation of Driver’s License

Amended by BP398

Only LTO deputized Traffic enforcers are

allowed to confiscate driver’s license
 Driver’s License
Section 30: Student-driver’s Permit (SP)

STUDENT-DRIVER’S PERMIT
It is an authority embodied in a form
prescribed by the Land Transportation
Office (LTO) to a person who desires
to learn to operate a motor vehicle
when accompanied by a duly
accredited licensed driver with DL
code possessing the type of vehicle
being learned.
 Driver’s License
Section 30: Student-driver’s Permit (SP)
• Sixteen (16) years old for Filipinos and Eighteen (18) years old for Foreigners
• Able to read and write (English, Filipino or any major dialect)
• Physically and mentally fit
• Mandatory 15 hours driving education (from LTO or accredited driving school)
before taking the written examination
• Valid for a period of one (1) year – RA 4136 Section 30
• Expired SP for not more than one (1) year may be used only to apply for DL
• Must pass the theoretical examination with the passing rate of 80% (20/25)
• Renewable SP upon payment of renewal fee.
• No need for theoretical examination on plain renewal of SP
1st Year – Learn to Drive 1st year of Expired SP - Apply only
– one month for NPDL After one year of expired SP –
for DL and No driving lesson must renew SP with written exam
Year 1 - Valid SP Year 2 - Expired SP
GO
Year 3 or more - Delinquent SP
PREPARE
TO STOP STOP
 Driver’s License
Section 30: Student-driver’s Permit (SP)

Expired SP Delinquent SP
(treated as Plain Renewal)
- may be renewed after the date - may be renewed after passing
of expiration upon payment of the written examination upon
renewal fee and appropriate payment of renewal fee and
fines and/or penalty, if there is appropriate fines and/or
any. penalty, if there is any.
 Driver’s License
Section 32 – Exceeding Registered Capacity, Issuance of
Conductor’s License, Validity and Fee
 Eighteen (18) years old
CONDUCTOR’S LICENSE
 Physically and mentally fit
is an authority embodied in a form  No contagious disease
prescribed by the LTO to a person to
 Able to read and write (English, Filipino etc.)
assist the driver of a public utility
vehicle to collect fares and/or to  Must pass the online examination
ensure the safety of the passengers (new & delinquent)
and/or cargo while the said vehicle is  No unsettled traffic violation
in operation.
 Attended & passed the Road Safety Seminar

 No pending criminal cases

 Driver’s License
Section 32 – Exceeding Registered Capacity, Issuance of
Conductor’s License, Validity and Fee

No person operating any motor vehicle shall allow more

passengers or more freight or cargo on his vehicle than its
registered carrying capacity.

No person operating any motor vehicle shall allow any passengers

to ride on the cover or top of such vehicle.

No driver shall allow any person on the running board, step board,
or mudguard of his motor vehicle for any purpose while the
vehicle is in motion.
Law Enforcement and
Ticketing System
 Law Enforcement

Put order on the road and enforce

land transportation laws, rules and
regulations.
 Law Enforcement

- to carry out effectively a rule of

conduct or action prescribed by a
controlling authority and formally
recognized as binding by the people
in a given territory.
 Law Enforcement
TYPES OF ENFORCEMENT

Punitive

Preventive

Persuasive
 Ticketing System

1. Temporary Operator’s Permit (TOP) - issued by LTO deputized

enforcers for traffic and administrative (non-moving violations)
which serves as:
• Receipt for driver’s license confiscated ;
• Notice and Summon;
• Temporary driver’s license (for 72 hrs. only)

2. Traffic Violation Receipt (TVR) - issued by MMDA deputized

enforcers for traffic violations committed within Metro Manila

(under Sec. 5F of R.A. No. 7924 dated April 15, 1995)

 Ticketing System
3. Uniform Ordinance Violation Receipt (UOVR) - issued by
Local Government Units (LGU’s) under the Single Ticketing
System dated Jan. 26, 2012, MMDA Resolution No. 12-02
(Only in Metro Manila)

4. Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) - issued by the LGU under Sec. 5

of PD 1605 dated Nov. 21, 1978

Note: Non-confiscation of Driver’s License under Joint Memorandum

Circular No. 1 Series of 2008 dated September 10, 2008, under
Sec. 3.4A
 Ticketing System

Temporary Operator‘s Traffic Violation Receipt Traffic Citation Ordinance Violation

Permit (TOP) (TVR) Ticket (TCT) Receipt (OVR)
Relationship with other
Agencies
 Relationship with other Agencies
Agency Involved in Traffic Administration
DOTr is the primary policy, planning, programming, coordinating,
implementing, regulating and administrative entity of the executive
DOTr
branch of the government in the promotion, development, regulation
of a dependable and coordinated network of transportation.
Certificate of Public Convenience (franchising of public utility motor
LTFRB
vehicle) including enforcement of the Public Service Law (CA 146).

PNP-HPG Enforcement of Republic Act 4136

Responsible for traffic direction and control within Metro Manila and
MMDA/LGUs
its Localities
Responsible for road engineering and infrastructure as well as
DPWH construction, maintenance and repairs of roads including installation
of traffic signs and signals and pavement markings.