Grade 10

Ch 10 Circles
Session 3
Exercise 10.2-4,5,6,7,8,11
Ex 10.2 – 4
Ex 10.2 – 4: Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle are parallel.

Ans.
Given:
A circle with center ‘O’. AB is diameter. Tangents PA and QB are drawn touching the circle at points A and B .

To Prove:
Tangent AP Tangent BQ

Proof:
In the figure, PAO = _____°
(Angle between the ________ and the ________ drawn from the point of contact is 90°)

Similarly, QBO = _____°

They form ____________ angles whose sum is 180°.

Tangent PA and Tangent QB are parallel to each other.

Hence Proved.
Ex 10.2 – 4: Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle are parallel.

Ans.
Given:
A circle with center ‘O’. AB is diameter. Tangents PA and QB are drawn touching the circle at points A and B .

To Prove:
Tangent AP Tangent BQ

Proof:
In the figure, PAO = 90°
(Angle between the tangent and the radius drawn from the point of contact is 90°)

Similarly, QBO = 90°

They form co-interior angles whose sum is 180°.

Tangent PA and Tangent QB are parallel to each other.

Hence Proved.
Ex 10.2 – 5
Ex 10.2 – 5: Prove that the perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes through the Centre.

Ans.

Given:
PT is a tangent to a circle, A is the point of contact of the tangent with the circle.

To Prove:
The perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes through the center.

Proof:

As we know that the ____________ at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the _________________.

And, the __________ passes through the center of the circle.

Thus it is proved that the perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes through the center.
Ex 10.2 – 5: Prove that the perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes through the Centre.

Ans.

Given:
PT is a tangent to a circle, A is the point of contact of the tangent with the circle.

To Prove:
The perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes through the center.

Proof:

As we know that the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.

And, the radius passes through the center of the circle.

Thus it is proved that the perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes through the center.
Ex 10.2 – 6
Ex 10.2 – 6: The length of a tangent from a point A at distance 5 cm from the centre of the circle is 4 cm. Find the radius of the
circle.
Ans.
Given:
AT is a tangent to the circle intersect at T. AT = 4 cm and OA = 5 cm.

To find:
OT = ?

In a right angled OAT, by Pythagoras theorem,

OT2 = ____2 – _____2
OT

Therefore the length of the tangent from a point is __ cm.

Ex 10.2 – 6: The length of a tangent from a point A at distance 5 cm from the centre of the circle is 4 cm. Find the radius of the
circle.
Ans.
Given:
AT is a tangent to the circle intersect at T. AT = 4 cm and OA = 5 cm.

To find:
OT = ?

In a right angled OAT, by Pythagoras theorem,

OT2 = OA2 – AT2
OT

Therefore the length of the tangent from a point is 3 cm.

Ex 10.2 – 7
Ex 10.2 – 7: Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm. Find the length of the chord of the larger circle which touches
the smaller circle.
Ans.
Let , be the two concentric circles of radii 5 cm and 3 cm with the center at O and a chord AB of the larger circle C 1 which
touches the smaller circle at P.

In a right angled , by Pythagoras Theorem,

Here, the point P bisects the chord AB. So, AP = ____.

The length of the chord

cm
Ex 10.2 – 7: Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm. Find the length of the chord of the larger circle which touches
the smaller circle.
Ans.
Let , be the two concentric circles of radii 5 cm and 3 cm with the center at O and a chord AB of the larger circle C 1 which
touches the smaller circle at P.

In a right angled , by Pythagoras Theorem,

Here, the point P bisects the chord AB. So, AP = PB.

The length of the chord

cm
Ex 10.2 – 8
Ex 10.2 – 8: A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle. Prove that AB + CD = AD + BC.
Ans.
Given:
Quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle.

To Prove:
AB + CD = AD + BC.

Proof:
Let P, Q, R and S be the points at which the circle touches the quadrilateral ABCD as shown in the figure.
Using the theorem, the length of the tangents drawn form an external point to a circle are ________. Therefore, we have:

AP = ___
___ = BQ
___ = CQ
DR = ___

Adding above all,

AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS
By rearranging the terms, we get
(___ + BP) + (CR + ___) = (AS + ___) + (___ + CQ)
____ + _____ = ____ + ____
Hence Proved.
Ex 10.2 – 8: A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle. Prove that AB + CD = AD + BC.
Ans.
Given:
Quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle.

To Prove:
AB + CD = AD + BC.

Proof:
Let P, Q, R and S be the points at which the circle touches the quadrilateral ABCD as shown in the figure.
Using the theorem, the length of the tangents drawn form an external point to a circle are equal. Therefore, we have:

AP = AS
BP = BQ
CR = CQ
DR = DS

Adding above all,

AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS
By rearranging the terms, we get
(AP + BP) + (CR + DR) = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)
AB + CD = AD + BC
Hence Proved.
Ex 10.2 – 11
Ex 10.2 – 11: Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.
Ans. Given: ABCD is a parallelogram which touches a circle at points P, Q, R and S.

To Prove:
ABCD is a rhombus.

Proof:
AB = ____ (opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal)
____ = BC (opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal) …………..(i)
From figure, AB = ____ + PB
But AP = ____ and ____ = BQ (Tangents from an external point are of equal length)
AB = AS + ____ (ii)
Similarly,
CD = ____ + ____ (iii)
Adding (ii) and (iii)
AB + CD = AS + BQ + CQ + DS
2AB = (___ + DS) + (BQ + ___) (Rearranging the terms)
2AB = AD + BC
2AB = ____ [from (i)]
AB = ____ (iv)

From (i) and (iv), AB = ____ = ___ = ____.

ABCD is a rhombus. (Definition of a rhombus.)
Ex 10.2 – 11: Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.
Ans. Given: ABCD is a parallelogram which touches a circle at points P, Q, R and S.

To Prove:
ABCD is a rhombus.

Proof:
AB = CD; (opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal)
AD = BC (opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal) …………..(i)
From figure, AB = AP + PB
But AP = AS and PB = BQ (Tangents from an external point are of equal length)
AB = AS + BQ (ii)
Similarly,
CD = CQ + DS (iii)
Adding (ii) and (iii)
AB + CD = AS + BQ + CQ + DS
2AB = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ) (Rearranging the terms)
2AB = AD + BC
2AB = 2AD [from (i)]
AB = AD (iv)

From (i) and (iv), AB = CD = AD = BC.

ABCD is a rhombus. (Definition of a rhombus.)