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PANDEY 2012 Rainwater Harvesting
PANDEY 2012 Rainwater Harvesting
2111
2005
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Total World Water Supply
Location Water % of Total
Volume Water
(km3)
Oceans 1,230,000,000 97.17
Ice caps and glaciers 28,600,000 2.5
Atmosphere 12,700 0.001
Rivers and Streams 1,200 0.0001
Lakes (Fresh water) 123,000 0.009
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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
The Water Cycle
1- Precipitation
2- Infiltration- contributes Ground water sources
3- Transpiration
4- Surface runoff – contributes to surface water sources
5- Evaporation
6 - Condensation
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Rainwater harvesting- Alternative water
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
source
Technology used for collecting and storing rainwater for
human use from rooftops, land surfaces
Decentralised system – Installed in houses, Institutions,
community
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Where rainwater harvesting is
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
particularly attractive ?
– Rural area with no surface water sources
– Supply from surface and groundwater sources cannot
meet the water demand (Urban area)
– Groundwater contaminated with Arsenic
– Household do not have capacity to pay for centralised
water supply system
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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
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Component of Rainwater harvesting
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Typical Domestic Rainwater Harvesting
System
Source: http://www.eng.warwick.ac.uk/DTU/rainwaterharvesting/index.html
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Ground Catchment System
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
9
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
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Catchment
Ground
System
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
10
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Typical Domestic Rainwater Harvesting
System
Source: http://www.eng.warwick.ac.uk/DTU/rainwaterharvesting/index.html
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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Conveyance
Gutters and
Downspouts
Gutters are installed to
capture rainwater running
off the eaves of a
building.
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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Storage
Storage tank, acts to flatten out any fluctuation
in rainfall and usage allowing water use to be, to
a greater or lesser extent, independent of rainfall.
Types
– Ferrocement tank - cement-rich mortar reinforced with
layers of wire mesh,
– Fiberglass
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Concrete tanks
PVC
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Storage Tanks
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Quality of rainwater
The quality of rainwater is relatively good but it is
not free from all impurities.
Depends upont type and condition of the
catchments and the storage tank
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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Method to enhance quality
The first run off from the
roof should be discarded to
prevent entry of impurities
from the roof.
In case of difficulties in the
rejection of first flow-
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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Method to enhance quality
Cleanliness of roof and storage tank is critical in
maintaining good quality of rainwater.
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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
19
Source: http://www.rainharvesting.com.au
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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Disinfecting Rainwater
Rainwater can be used for drinking, if it is clear, has no
or very little taste or smell and is from well maintained
system
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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
21
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