Rizal’s First Departure,

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 • Jose Rizal's first departure refers to his
journey abroad to continue his studies and
pursue various advocacies, which ultimately
Rizal’s played a significant role in the Philippine
revolution against Spanish colonial rule.
Departure Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines,
made several departures during his lifetime,
but the most notable one is his first departure
in 1882.
Rizal’s Departure

• In 1882, at the age of 21, Rizal

left the Philippines for the first
time. He departed from Manila
and traveled to Spain to study
medicine and further his
education. His departure had
several motivations and
objectives:
Rizal’s Departure

• Education: Rizal went to Spain

to pursue higher education. He
enrolled at the Universidad
Central de Madrid (now known
as Complutense University of
Madrid) to study medicine and
the liberal arts. His academic
pursuits were not only for
personal advancement but also to
gain knowledge and skills that
could help his fellow Filipinos.
Rizal’s Departure
• Reform: Rizal was deeply concerned about the plight
of the Filipino people under Spanish colonial rule. He
believed that education and reform were essential for
improving the conditions in the Philippines. While in
Spain, he became involved with the Propaganda
Movement, a group of Filipino expatriates advocating
for political and social reforms in the Philippines.
 • Writing: During his time in Spain, Rizal
wrote several significant works,
including his novel "Noli Me Tangere"
(Touch Me Not) and his essay "Filipinas
Dentro de Cien Años" (The Philippines
Rizal’s Departure Within a Century). These writings
aimed to expose the abuses of the
Spanish colonial government and to
inspire Filipinos to seek reform
 Rizal’s Departure
• Rizal's first departure marked the
beginning of his long journey as a scholar,
writer, and activist. His works and efforts
would later become instrumental in
inspiring the Philippine Revolution against
Spanish colonial rule, which ultimately led
to the declaration of Philippine
independence on June 12, 1898. Rizal's
life and legacy continue to be celebrated in
the Philippines, where he is revered as a
national hero.
Reason in
Studying Abroad
- Access to Higher Education
- Exposure to Enlightenment
Ideas
- Desire to Learn about other
Cultures
- Advocacy for Reforms
- Writing and Literature
- Networking and Alliances
- Exposing Colonial abuses.
Arrival in Barcelona

• Jose Rizal arrived in Barcelona, Spain, on October 6,

1882, as part of his educational journey and his efforts to
advocate for reforms in the Philippines. His arrival in
Barcelona marked a significant chapter in his life and in
the history of the Philippine nationalist movement. Here
are some key points about his arrival in Barcelona:
 Arrival in
Barcelona

• Educational Pursuits: Rizal went to

Barcelona to continue his studies. He had
previously studied at the Ateneo Municipal
de Manila and the University of Santo Tomas
in the Philippines. In Barcelona, he enrolled
at the Universidad Central de Madrid (now
Complutense University of Madrid) to study
medicine and the liberal arts.
 Arrival in
Barcelona

• Life in Barcelona: While in Barcelona,

Rizal lived a modest and frugal life. He had
to work part-time jobs to support himself
and his studies. He frequented libraries and
museums to further his education and spent
much of his time writing and refining his
literary and political works.
 Arrival in
Barcelona
• The Filipino Community: Barcelona had a
significant Filipino expatriate community
during Rizal's time. He became involved
with this community and became an active
member of organizations like the Circulo
Hispano-Filipino and the Asociacion La
Solidaridad. These organizations were
instrumental in advocating for reforms and
promoting the interests of Filipinos in
Spain.
Arrival in Barcelona
• Writing and Advocacy: While in Barcelona,
Rizal continued to write and publish articles,
essays, and literary works that criticized the
Spanish colonial government and called for
social and political reforms in the
Philippines. His works, including the novels
"Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo,"
aimed to expose the abuses and injustices of
the colonial regime.
 • Exile and Return: Rizal's activities in
Barcelona and his writings drew the
attention of Spanish authorities, who
Arrival in viewed him as a threat. As a result, he
Barcelona faced increasing pressure to leave
Spain. In 1885, he was forced to move
to Madrid due to his exile from
Barcelona. He would later return to the
Philippines briefly in 1887 before
going into self-imposed exile in Hong
Kong in 1892.
 Arrival in Barcelona
• Rizal's time in Barcelona was marked by
his intellectual growth, political activism,
and dedication to the Filipino cause. He
continued to refine his ideas and
strategies for advocating reforms and
raising awareness about the plight of
Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule. His
works and activities in Spain laid the
foundation for his role as a national hero
and a symbol of the Philippine struggle
for independence.
 • Jose Rizal's studies in Madrid, Spain,
were a crucial phase in his life and
contributed significantly to his
development as a scholar, writer, and
nationalist leader. During his time in
Rizal's Studies in Madrid, he pursued various academic and
Madrid intellectual endeavors while also actively
participating in the Filipino expatriate
community's efforts to advocate for
reforms in the Philippines. Here are some
key aspects of Rizal's studies in Madrid:
Rizal's Studies in Madrid
• Medical Education: Rizal initially
enrolled at the Universidad Central de
Madrid (now Complutense University
of Madrid) in 1882 to study medicine.
He chose medicine not only to fulfill
his parents' wishes but also because
he believed that a medical profession
would provide him with opportunities
to observe and understand social and
health conditions in the Philippines
 • Literary Pursuits: Despite his focus on
medicine, Rizal continued to nurture his
literary interests while in Madrid. He
wrote and published articles, essays, and
Rizal's literary works that criticized the Spanish
Studies in colonial government and addressed social
Madrid issues in the Philippines. It was during
this time that he wrote "Noli Me
Tangere," a novel that exposed the abuses
and injustices under Spanish rule.
 • Political Activism: Rizal was
deeply involved in the Filipino
expatriate community in Madrid. He
became an active member of
organizations like the Asociacion La
Rizal's Studies Solidaridad, which was dedicated to
advocating for reforms in the
in Madrid Philippines. He contributed articles
to La Solidaridad, a newspaper that
served as a platform for expressing
Filipino grievances and calling for
political and social change.
Rizal's Studies in
Madrid
• Travel and Research: Rizal used his time in
Madrid to travel to various European countries,
including France, Germany, and Belgium. These
travels allowed him to conduct research and gather
information about European societies, politics, and
culture, which he later incorporated into his
writings.
 Rizal's Studies in
Madrid
• Networking and Alliances: Rizal built
relationships with fellow Filipinos,
other Asian nationalists, and European
intellectuals sympathetic to the Filipino
cause. He leveraged these connections
to garner support for reforms and to
raise awareness about the Philippines'
situation.
Rizal's Studies in
Madrid
• Advocacy for Reforms: Rizal's studies and
activities in Madrid were centered around his belief
in peaceful reform as the means to address the
Philippines' problems. He advocated for equal
rights, representation, and greater autonomy for
Filipinos within the Spanish colonial framework.
 Rizal's Studies in
Madrid
• Pressure and Exile: Rizal's activism
and writings made him a target of
Spanish authorities, who viewed him
as a subversive element. In 1887, he
was forced to leave Madrid and briefly
returned to the Philippines. However,
he continued to be involved in the
nationalist movement and was
eventually exiled to Dapitan in 1892.
Rizal's Studies in
Madrid
• Rizal's studies in Madrid played a crucial
role in shaping his ideas and beliefs
about the Philippines' future. He became
a leading figure in the Propaganda
Movement, which sought to achieve
reforms through education, awareness,
and diplomatic means. His writings and
advocacy for Filipino rights and identity
left a lasting impact on the Philippine
nationalist movement, ultimately
contributing to the country's struggle for
independence from Spanish colonial
rule.
 • Jose Rizal's involvement with Freemasonry was a
significant aspect of his life and his nationalist
Rizal Joins activities. He joined the Freemasons while he was
in Spain, and this membership played a role in
Freemasonry shaping his beliefs and ideals related to the struggle
for Philippine independence. Here's a brief
overview of Rizal's association with Freemasonry:
Rizal Joins
Freemasonry
• Membership in Masonic Lodges: In
1883, while he was studying in Madrid,
Rizal joined Acacia Lodge No. 9, a
Masonic lodge with Filipino and Spanish
members. His initiation into Freemasonry
marked his formal affiliation with the
organization.
Rizal Joins
Freemasonry
• Influence of Freemasonry: Freemasonry
was a secret society that espoused
principles of enlightenment, rationalism,
and fraternity. It was a prominent and
influential organization in the 19th century,
known for promoting ideals such as liberty,
equality, and secularism. Rizal's exposure
to these principles through Freemasonry
influenced his thinking and writings.
 • Connections and Alliances: Freemasonry
provided Rizal with a network of like-
minded individuals who were often involved
in various nationalist and reformist
Rizal Joins movements across the world. Through his
Masonic connections, he was able to
Freemasonry establish ties with Filipino expatriates and
other influential individuals who supported
the cause of reform in the Philippines.
 • Symbolism and Ideals:
Freemasonry uses symbolism and
rituals in its activities, and Rizal
incorporated some of these
symbols and ideals into his
Rizal Joins writings. For example, the
concept of the "Rizalista" or
Freemasonry "Rizal's Knights" was influenced
by Masonic principles and aimed
to inspire Filipinos to pursue
enlightenment, education, and
social reform.
 • Rizal's Commitment to Reform: It's
important to note that while Rizal was
a member of the Masonic lodge and
was influenced by its ideals, his
primary focus remained on peaceful
reform rather than outright revolution.
Rizal Joins He believed in achieving change
through education, awareness, and
Freemasonry diplomatic means. His writings, such
as the novels "Noli Me Tangere" and
"El Filibusterismo," were powerful
tools for advocating reform and
exposing the abuses of the Spanish
colonial government.
 • Conflict with Spanish Authorities: Rizal's
Masonic affiliation and his activities within
the organization were closely monitored by
Spanish authorities, who considered
Rizal Joins Freemasonry a subversive and anti-colonial
influence. Rizal's involvement with the
Freemasonry Freemasons contributed to the growing
tension between him and the Spanish
colonial government.
 • Rizal's association with Freemasonry was
just one aspect of his multifaceted life as a
scholar, writer, and advocate for reform. His
Rizal Joins commitment to the principles of
enlightenment and his belief in peaceful
Freemasonry change through education left a lasting
legacy in the Philippines, inspiring future
generations of Filipinos in their quest for
independence and social justice.
 • Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo were
two prominent Filipino painters during the late 19th
Luna and Hidalgo's century who achieved international recognition for
their works. Their "triumph" refers to their
Triumph significant accomplishments in the world of art,
particularly their success at the Exposición
Nacional de Bellas Artes (National Exposition of
Fine Arts) in Madrid in 1884.
Luna and Hidalgo's Triumph
• Participation in the Exposition: In 1884, the
Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes was held in
Madrid, Spain. This prestigious event was one of the
most important art exhibitions in Spain, featuring the
works of both Spanish and foreign artists. Juan Luna
and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo decided to participate
and submitted their respective artworks.
Luna and Hidalgo's Triumph
• Recognition and Awards: At the Exposition, Luna and Hidalgo's
paintings received critical acclaim and recognition. Juan Luna's
painting titled "Spoliarium" and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo's
artwork "Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho" (The
Christian Virgins Exposed to the Mob) both garnered significant
attention.
• "Spoliarium" by Juan Luna:
• "Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho" by
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo
Luna and Hidalgo's Triumph
• National Pride and Patriotism: The recognition of
Luna and Hidalgo's artworks at the Exposition brought
immense pride to the Philippines and the Filipino
community in Spain. Their success was seen as a
triumph for Filipino art and culture on the international
stage and contributed to a growing sense of
nationalism among Filipinos.
Luna and Hidalgo's Triumph
• Legacy: Luna and Hidalgo's triumph at the Exposition
marked a turning point in Philippine art history. Their
success paved the way for the development of a vibrant
and dynamic art scene in the Philippines and inspired
future generations of Filipino artists. Today,
"Spoliarium" and "Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al
Populacho" are considered masterpieces and are part of
the cultural heritage of the Philippines.
Luna and Hidalgo's Triumph
• Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo's
achievements at the Exposición Nacional de Bellas
Artes in 1884 remain an important moment in
Philippine art history, symbolizing the talent and
creativity of Filipino artists and their ability to shine
on the global stage.
• How do the experiences of Jose Rizal and the
achievements of Luna and Hidalgo during their time
inspire and encourage today's youth to pursue
education, activism, and artistic excellence as a means
to effect positive change in their own societies?