“ DEPARTMENT OF EEE

GENERAL OVERVIEW OF SCADA

SYSTEM IN POWER SYSTEM ”
BY
ZULFIQUAR ALI
AUNGSHU
 INTRODUCTION

SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION

- COLLECT MEASUREMENTS AND STATUS DATA FROM THE PROCESS
- REMOTELY INTERVENE IN THE PROCESS
- CENTRALIZED SYSTEM PLATFORM
- BASED ON DISTRIBUTED I/O
APPLICABLE PROCESSES
- OIL OR GAS PRODUCTION FACILITIES
- PIPELINES FOR GAS, OILS, CHEMICALS OR WATER.
- RAILWAY/TRANSPORTATION PROCESS
- NUCLEAR, GAS, HYDRO GENERATION PLANTS
 SCADA ANTIQUITY
• EGYPTIAN SUPERVISORY
• FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY
• DEVELOPMENT FROM TELEMETRY SYSTEM
• WEATHER PREDICTIONS
• RAIL ROAD TRACKS
• TWO WAY SYSTEM
• 1960S IDEA FOR SUPERVISORY
• 1970S RADIO SYSTEM
• OIL PIPE LINE MONITORING SYSTEM
• MODERN COMPUTER BASED SYSTEM
• WIRELESS NETWORK BASED SYSTEM
•
EVOLUTION OF SCADA IN POWER SYSTEM
ORIGINALLY ELECTRICAL POWER UNITS USED ELECTRO-MECHANICAL
AUTOMATION
• DIAL-UP MODEMS USED FOR REMOTE ACCESS
• IN 1970S COMPUTER-BASED SCADA COMMENCED
• SUPPLIERS (E.G. IBM, SIEMENS, GE) SUPPLIED COMPLETE PROPRIETARY
SYSTEMS
• MORE ADVANCED WITH CLIENT-SERVER COMPUTERS
• ADVANCED FUNCTIONS BECAME COMMON (E.G. EMS. DMS, LOAD
FORECASTING, DISPATCH, PROTECTION ENGINEERING, REGULATORY
REPORTING, ETC)
• COMMUNICATION LINK EVOLVED FROM NOISY NARROW BANDWIDTH
TELEPHONE LINES TO SONET, MICROWAVE, RADIO, POWER LINE CARRIER,
CELLULAR NETWORKS
 SCADA
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION
SUPERVISORY
• OPERATOR/S, ENGINEER/S, SUPERVISOR/S, ETC
CONTROL
• MONITORING
• LIMITED
• TELEMETRY
• REMOTE/LOCAL
DATA ACQUISITION
• ACCESS AND ACQUIRE INFORMATION OR DATA FROM THE
EQUIPMENT
• SENDS IT TO DIFFERENT SITES THROUGH TELEMETRY
• ANALOG / DIGITAL
WHAT IS CONTROL BY SCADA IN POWER SYSTEM?

• TAP CHANGERS
• SWITCHING DEVICES
• SHUNT CAPACITOR/REACTOR
• GENERATOR SET POINTS
• EXCITATION & POWER OUTPUT
• SEQUENTIAL CONTROL
 WORKING PRINCIPAL OF SCADA
• A SCADA SYSTEM CONSISTS OF A MASTER STATION THAT
COMMUNICATES WITH REMOTE TERMINAL UNITS (RTUS) FOR THE
PURPOSE OF ALLOWING OPERATORS TO OBSERVE AND CONTROL
PHYSICAL PLANTS. GENERATING PLANTS AND TRANSMISSION
SUBSTATIONS CERTAINLY JUSTIFY RTUS, AND THEIR INSTALLATION
IS BECOMING MORE COMMON IN DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS AS
COSTS DECREASE. RTUS TRANSMIT DEVICE STATUS AND
MEASUREMENTS TO, AND RECEIVE CONTROL COMMANDS AND SET
POINT DATA FROM, THE MASTER STATION. COMMUNICATION IS
GENERALLY VIA DEDICATED CIRCUITS OPERATING IN THE RANGE OF
600 TO 4800 BITS/S
ARCHITECTURE OF SCADA
 MAJOR SCADA COMPONENT
• SCADA MASTER TERMINAL UNIT (MTU): THE SERVER THAT ACTS AS SCADA SYSTEM
• RTU/PLCS (REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT) : REMOTE TELEMETRY DATA ACQUISITION UNITS
LOCATED AT REMOTE STATIONS
• IED (INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICES) SMART SENSORS/ACTUATORS WITH INTELLIGENCE
TO ACQUIRE DATA, PROCESS IT, AND COMMUNICATE
• HMI (HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE) : SOFTWARE TO PROVIDE FOR VISUALIZATION AND
INTERACTION WITH SCADA
 MTU & HMI

MAIN COMPONENT OF MTU:

FRONT END PROCESSOR

• GATHERS ALL COMMUNICATIONS AND CONVERTS THEM
INTO SCADA FRIENDLY COMMUNICATION
• COMMUNICATION INTERFACE BETWEEN SEVERAL RTU
CHANNELS AND THE HOST MASTER STATION COMPUTER
SCADA SERVER
• IT CAN BE A WEB SERVER
• DATA LOGGING
• ANALYZING DATA
• SERVE THE CLIENTS THROUGH A FIREWALL
• CLIENTS CONNECTED IN THE CORPORATION OR CONNECTED
OUTSIDE THROUGH INTERNET
 MTU & HMI

SAFETY/HISTORY & REDUNDANT SERVER

• LOGS THE DATA FROM THE SCADA SERVER AND
STORES IT AS A BACKUP, IN CASE OF A DISASTER
• IT IS BASICALLY A SAFETY SERVER

HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE COMPUTER

• ACCESS ON THE SCADA SERVER
• CONTROL THE SYSTEM
• OPERATOR INTERFACE
• SOFTWARE
• USER FRIENDLY
• PROGRAMMABLE (C, PYTHON, ANDROID)
 SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
SENSORS
• PRESSURE SENSORS
• TEMPERATURE SENSORS
• LIGHT SENSORS
• HUMIDITY SENSORS
• WIND SPEED SENSORS
• WATER LEVEL SENSORS
• DISTANCE SENSORS
ACTUATORS
• VALVES
• PUMPS
• MOTORS
 REMOTE TERMINAL UNITS(RTU) & PLC
RTU – REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT
• INTELLIGENT TO CONTROL A PROCESS AND MULTIPLE PROCESSES
• DATA LOGGING AND ALARM HANDLING
• EXPANDABLE
• ASKS THE FIELD DEVICES FOR INFORMATION
• CAN CONTROL IEDS (INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICE)
• SLAVE/MASTER DEVICE

PLC – PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

• LADDER LOGIC
• INDUSTRIAL COMPUTER THAT REPLACED RELAYS
• NOT A PROTOCOL CONVERTER
• CANNOT CONTROL IEDS
• COMMUNICATION COMPATIBILITIES
• TAKES ACTIONS BASED ON ITS INPUTS
 COMMUNICATIONS

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS:

• SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK

• LEASED LINES
• PRIVATE NETWORK (LAN/RS-485)
• INTERNET
• WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
1. WIRELESS LAN
2. GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
(GSM) NETWORK
3. RADIO MODEMS
 COMMUNICATIONS

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
• MODBUS
• DNP 3.0
• FIELDBUS
• CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK (CAN)
• PROFIBUS
• DIRECTNET
• TCP/IP
• ETHERNET
NETWORK
COMMUNICATION TOPOLOGY
 DCS

DCS – DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM

• PROCESS ORIENTED – TENDENCY TO DO SOMETHING
• NOT EVENT ORIENTED – DOES NOT DEPEND ON CIRCUMSTANCES
• LOCAL CONTROL OVER THE DEVICES
• SUBORDINATE TO SCADA
 ALARMS AND SAFETY SYSTEM

TYPES OF ALARMS
• GOOD ALARMS
• CRITICAL FAILURE ALARMS

ACTIONS
• OVERRIDE THE NORMAL CONTROL SYSTEM
• TAKE OVER THE ACTUATORS
GENERATION OF SCADA SYSTEM
A TYPICAL SCADA CONTROL ROOM
A TYPICAL SCADA CONTROL ROOM
CONTROL ROOM DATA ANALYSIS AND
ENGINEERING
POWER SYSTEM SECURITY MONITORING AND
CONTROL BY SCADA
MODERN SCADA SYSTEM MAP
THANKS