Viral infections

Nida Iqbal
6th semester
Dpt-20F-
 contents

01 Definition

02 Type of viral infections

03 Signs & symptoms

Treatment

04 Conclusion
Definition
viral infections
• Viral infections are any illness you get from a virus, a virus uses your
cell to mulitiply itself and cause respiratory and digestive illness. Many
different types of viruses can cause infections, though only a few infect
humans. They can get into your body through your nose, mouth, eyes,
anus or genitals, or through a break in your skin. Once there, they get
inside of your cells and use them to make more copies of themselves.
Virus
• A virus is a type of germ (pathogen) that’s so small, you can only see it under a
microscope. All viruses carry a small piece of genetic information (DNA or
RNA) inside a protective coating (capsid). You can think of it like an envelope
carrying instructions. Our cells, on the other hand, are like an entire factory:
They contain instructions and all the equipment needed to carry them out.
These instructions tells us how to build proteins and make more cells.
Types of viral infections
• Types of viral infections include:
• Respiratory infections.
• Digestive system infections.
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers.
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Exanthematous (rash-causing) infections.
• Neurological infections.
• Congenital infections.
Respiratory infections
• Respiratory infections affect your nose, throat, airways and lungs.
Many respiratory viruses can cause bronchitis, sinusitis, ear
infections or pneumonia. Examples include:
• Common cold (usually caused by rhinovirus).
• The flu (influenza).
• COVID-19.
• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
• Human metapneumovirus (hMPV).
• Parainfluenza.
Viral infection in digestive system

• Viral infections in your digestive system can affect your stomach and
intestines (GI tract) or your liver. These include:
• Norovirus, rotavirus and astrovirus can cause gastroenteritis,
sometimes called “stomach flu.”
• Hepatitis viruses cause liver disease. These infections often last a
long time (chronic).
Viral hemorrhagic fevers
• Hemorrhagic fevers affect how your blood clots and can weaken
your blood vessels, causing potentially life-threatening bleeding.
Examples include:
• Ebola.
• Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
• Severe dengue.
• Yellow fever.
Exanthematous viral infections
• Exanthematous viral infections cause rashes that can appear as bumps or
blisters on your skin or spots of blood under your skin. They can also cause
respiratory or other symptoms. Examples of exanthematous infections
include:
• Chickenpox.
• Measles.
• Rubella (German measles).
• Roseola.
• Fifth disease.
• Mpox.
Signs & symptoms
• Symptoms of a viral infection depend on where you’re infected, but
some common ones include:
• Flu-like symptoms: fever, head and body aches, fatigue.
• Upper respiratory symptoms: sore throat, cough, sneezing.
• Digestive symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
• Skin conditions: rashes, sores, blisters, warts.
• Many viral infections don’t cause any symptoms.

treatment
No, antibiotics can’t treat or cure illnesses caused by a virus.
Conclusion
Viral infections are common and usually not serious. We manage
colds, the occasional stomach bug, and bumps and sores on our skin
on a regular basis. But some viruses cause life-threatening illnesses,
and some common illnesses — like the flu — can turn serious. This is
why it’s important to take steps to protect yourself and those around
you from viral infection. Vaccinations, good hand-washing habits.