Protein as

Micromolecules
This presentation will introduce you to micromolecules and their role in
biological processes, with a focus on proteins. We will explore the structure,
function, synthesis, folding, and applications of protein molecules.

by Princess R. Jacinto
Introduction to
Micromolecules
1 Definition

Micromolecules are small molecules that are involved in cellular

processes and are essential for life.

2 Importance

They play a key role in maintaining homeostasis, cellular metabolism,

and transmitting information between cells.
Protein as a Micromolecule
Introduction
Proteins are macromolecules
formed by amino acids that
provide structure, function, and
regulation to cells.
Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that
catalyze biochemical reactions
and are essential for most
cellular processes.
Transport Proteins
Transport proteins are
responsible for moving
molecules across cell
membranes and play a vital role
in maintaining cell homeostasis.
Protein Synthesis

1 Overview

Protein synthesis is the process by

Transcription
The first step in protein synthesis is the
transcription of DNA to mRNA in the
nucleus of a cell.
which cells create protein molecules
2 using genetic information from DNA.
3 Translation

In the cytoplasm, the mRNA is

translated into a protein molecule with
the help of ribosomes, tRNA, and
amino acids.
Protein Folding and Stability
Factors Influencing Folding Consequences of Misfolding

Factors like temperature, pH, and the presence Misfolded proteins can lead to cell death,
of chaperone proteins can influence the way genetic mutations, and diseases like
proteins fold into their native structures. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Protein Engineering and Applications

Introduction Applications in Applications in

Protein engineering involves
modifying proteins to enhance
their properties or create new
ones.
Biotechnology
Engineered proteins are used
in biotechnology for drug
development, biocatalysis, and
biomaterials.
Medicine
Engineered proteins are used
in medicine for targeted drug
delivery, tissue engineering,
and immunotherapy.
Conclusion and Summary

"Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, involved in virtually every cellular
process. Understanding their structure, function, synthesis, and applications is
essential for biomedical research and biotechnology."