By: Amanda Nees Introduction • The roots of Indian mathematics are held within Vedic literature. Vedic literature is nearly 4000 years old. Indian mathematics was founded between the years of 1000 B.C.and 1000 A.D. Indian mathematics include the concept of zero, the techniques of algebra and algorithum, geometry, and the decimal system. Discoveries • The Concept of Zero • The Techniques of Algebra and Algorithm • Geometry • The Square Root • The Decimal System Concept of Zero • The discovery of zero was said to be an odd discovery due to the fact that when other discoveries were made they represented a tangible object. Zero is unique because it represents something in which we do not have. • Created in 2000B.C. Zero Continued • In ancient India zero was represented by a dot. • The term for zero was Pujyam. • Another term for zero was Shunyam which meant blank. • Zero now made it possible to note higher numerals with limited characters Brahmagupta
• Credited for the concept of zero
• Ancient India astronomer • Born in 598 A.D. at Bhillamala Bhaskara
• Born in 1114 A.D. and died in 1185 A.D.
• He was the first to discover: – that any number divided by zero was infinity – that the sum of any number and infinity is also infinity. Algorithm and Algebra
• Developed by:Aryabhata and Bhaskara
• The technique of calculation • Today it is used to design software programs • They obtained number solutions to linear equations by the method we still use today. Geometry
• The Indians used geometry to construct
temples and alters. • They authored Rekha Ganita (line computation) and Sulva Sutras (rule of the chord) • Baudhayana authored the Sulbasutra which was a construction manual for geometric shapes. Square Root • Founded by Apastamba • He found the exact value of the square root of two • He obtained the accurate value up to five decimal places. Apastamba
• Born in 600 B.C. and died in 500 B.C.
• He is well known for his Sulbasutra. In the Sulbasutra he gave the accurate value for the square root of two. • Apastamba’s sulbasutra was developed later than Braushayana. Historians can’t accurately put dates on Apastamba and his works. This is why he is so famous. Decimal System
• They developed the decimal system up to
three decimal places. • Later they used their discovery to aid in the construction of roads. They used it to plan road widths and make them perpendicular. Indian Number System • The Indians used the Brahmi system. This number system has been found on cave walls and on coins. Timeline • About 600BC- Apastamba writes the most interesting Indian Sulbasutra from a mathematical point of view. • About 800BC- Baudhayana is the author of one of the earliest of the Indian Sulbasutras. • About 2000BC- Harappans adopt a uniform decimal system of weights and measures. • About 2000BC they discovered the concept of zero. • About 25000BC- Early geometric designs used Summary • The Indians play a key role in the history of our mathematics we know today. Over time we have discovered more and more of the Indian advancements in mathematics. Continuing to study the Indians may allow more discoveries to unfold. The Indians successes will not be forgotten. Bibliography • http://o3.indiatimes.com/kaak/archive/2005/ 09/26/266712.aspx • http://hindutva.org/sudheer_birokar/ india_contribution/maths.html • http://www.ilovemaths.com/ind_mathe.htm Bibliography Continued • http://www.groups.dcs.st-and.ac.u/ ~history/HistTopics/ Indian_mathematics.html • http://www.crystalinks.com/ indiamathematics.html • http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/ Chronology/full.html