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Heat Transfer
Heat Transfer
1. conduction
2. convection
3. radiation
During heat transfer, thermal energy always moves in the
same direction:
HOT COLD
Heat energy only flows when there is a temperature
difference from a warmer area to a cooler area.
water metal
Water molecules form strong bonds with each other water molecule;
(including H-bonds!)so it takes more heat energy to break the bonds.
Metals have weak bonds (remember the “sea of e-) and do not need as
much energy to break them.
http://www.cookware-manufacturer.com/photo/
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• Approximate values in J / kg °K of the Specific
Heat Capacities of some substances are:
Air 1000 Lead 125
Aluminium 900 Mercury 14
Asbestos 840 Nylon 1700
Brass 400 Paraffin 2100
Brick 750 Platinum 135
Concrete 3300 Polythene 2200
Cork 2000 Polystyrene 1300
Glass 600 Rubber 1600
Gold 130 Silver 235
Ice 2100 Steel 450
Iron 500 Water 4200
less dense
heat fluid
The heated fluid particles gain energy, so they move about
more and spread out. The same number of particles now
take up more space, so the fluid has become less dense
23 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2006
What is convection?
Warmer regions of a fluid are
less dense than cooler
regions of the same fluid.
The warmer regions will rise
because they are less dense.
The cooler regions will sink
as they are more dense.
This is how heat transfer
takes place in fluids and is
called convection.
The steady flow between the
warm and cool sections of a
fluid, such as air or water, is
called a convection current.
?
infrared
waves
Due on Friday.