Introduction

 There are about 118 known elements in the

periodic table.
 Out of 118 elements about 92 elements are
natural.
 And the remaining 26 elements are prepared
artificially in the laboratories.
 Out of 92 natural elements there are about 16
elements which are involved in the composition of
living organisms.
 The elements which are involved in the
composition of living organisms are called bio-
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 Introduction
 Out of 16 elements there are 6 elements
which makes about 99 % of the living body.
 Those 6 elements are Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and Calcium.
 Bio-elements combines in a definite
proportion to form molecules called
Biomolecules.
 The remaining 10 elements makes less than 1
% of the living body. They are Na, Cl, Mg, Mn,
Fe, I, Zn, k, S, Cu. Saturday,
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 Introduction
 The study of structure, composition and
function of the molecules, compound and
chemical reactions of the living body is called
biochemistry.
 There are four types of fundamental
biological molecules present in the cells of
the living body.
 Those four major fundamental biological
molecules are carbohydrates, protein, lipids
and nucleic acids. Saturday,
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Condensation:
 Condensation is a chemical reaction involving
union between molecules with elimination of a
water molecule to form new complex
compounds.
 In condensation monomers are combined to form
polymers.
 In condensation hydroxyl group of one monomer
is combined with the hydrogen of other
monomer to form water.

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Hydrolysis:
 Hydrolysis is the reverse of condensation.
 In hydrolysis the polymers are broken down
to monomers by the addition of water.
 In this process hydroxyl group from water
attaches to one monomer and hydrogen
attaches to the other monomer.

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