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The occurrence of Covid-19 resulted in companies throughout 2019-2021 experiencing a decline in financial performance and this
was felt in almost every economic sector. The unstable increase in raw material prices due to fluctuations in the rupiah exchange rate
makes it difficult for manufacturing companies to control their financial systems (Indriyani, E. 2021). The lockdown situation
implemented by various countries has also been a factor in the decline in manufacturing activity, almost all manufacturing companies
have slumped and even temporarily closed due to limited supplies of materials, so that companies cannot carry out operational
activities.
Introduction
Liquidity Ratio is a ratio that states the level of an entity's ability to pay short-term obligations. In this research, the Current Ratio
(CR) proxy is used to predict financial distress conditions. According to Muwanir (2005:72) in Ginting (2017) Current Ratio (CR)
shows the level of security (Margin of Safety) which is useful for lenders in the short term, knowing the Margin of Safety can
convince creditors to provide funds for company operations at a certain level. agreed loan interest.
H1: Liquidity Ratio (Current Ratio) has a negative effect on Financial Distress
Profitability ratios according to Fitriani & Huda (2020) are ratios that can calculate a company's ability to generate profits from
assets that have been used, or profitability ratios measure how much profit is generated from asset productivity. The high profitability
ratio in the company also shows good financial performance. Return On Assets (ROA) shows the return or profit generated from
company activities. By using ROA, the company's ability to gain profits can be determined (Carolina et al., 2018).
H2: Profitability Ratios (Return on Assets) have a negative effect on Financial Distress
Introduction
Liquidity Ratio is a ratio that states the level of an entity's ability to pay short-term obligations. In this research, the Current Ratio
(CR) proxy is used to predict financial distress conditions. According to Muwanir (2005:72) in Ginting (2017) Current Ratio (CR)
shows the level of security (Margin of Safety) which is useful for lenders in the short term, knowing the Margin of Safety can
convince creditors to provide funds for company operations at a certain level. agreed loan interest.
H1: Liquidity Ratio (Current Ratio) has a negative effect on Financial Distress
Profitability ratios according to Fitriani & Huda (2020) are ratios that can calculate a company's ability to generate profits from
assets that have been used, or profitability ratios measure how much profit is generated from asset productivity. The high profitability
ratio in the company also shows good financial performance. Return On Assets (ROA) shows the return or profit generated from
company activities. By using ROA, the company's ability to gain profits can be determined (Carolina et al., 2018).
H2: Profitability Ratios (Return on Assets) have a negative effect on Financial Distress
Introduction
The leverage ratio is one of the ratios that can be used to calculate the level of effectiveness of a company in using debt as capital to
carry out its business activities (Syamsuddin et al., 2021). Research conducted by Ginting (2017) shows that leverage is said to be
efficient in measuring its effect on financial distress because the greater the possibility of financial distress occurring, the smaller the
leverage ratio in a company and vice versa. In this study, the leverage ratio is used as a proxy for the Debt Equity Ratio (DER) which
is used to compare the amount of debt to equity.
H3: Leverage Ratio (Debt Equity Ratio) has a positive effect on Financial Distress.
According to Harahap (2013) the activity ratio is a ratio that shows the total turnover of assets as measured by sales capacity, or you
could say how assets can be converted into sales. This ratio is also commonly called the asset utilization ratio, which is used to assess
the intensity and effectiveness of company assets in generating sales. Total asset turnover is a ratio used to measure a company's
effectiveness in managing total assets and generating sales (Hery, 2017).
H4: Activity Ratio (Total Asset Turnover) has a negative effect on Financial Distress
Research Method
Quantitative research is research that uses data or numbers as the basis for its analysis, using secondary data in its collection. The
population and sample of this research are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). Manufacturing
companies that have negative profits for two consecutive years or more, manufacturing companies that consistently report their
financial reports ending on December 31 for 2019-2021. Manufacturing companies whose financial reports are reported using the
Rupiah currency and all sub-sectors in manufacturing companies except the pharmaceutical sub-sector because they have positive
profits during the 2019-2021 period due to increased demand due to Covid-19 conditions. From the sample criteria there are 171
manufacturing companies that meet The criteria are 30 manufacturing companies. The analysis technique in this research uses
multiple linear regression. The aim of analyzing multiple linear regression is to obtain comprehensive data regarding the correlation
between variables (Ghozali, 2016).
Result
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Unstandardized
Residuals
From the results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test above, the Asymp value is
N 90
produced. Sig. (2-tailed) from the regression results is 0.200. Thus, the
Normal Means 0.00 Kolomogorov-Smirnov test results from the regression model have met the
Parameters, b
std. Deviation 3.14 normality requirements with a Sig value. > α= 0.05. This means that it can be
concluded that the data tested has a normal data distribution.
Most Extreme absolute 0.074
Differences
Positive 0.074
Negative -0.052
Variable Collinearity Statistics The multicollinearity assumption test is used to determine the level of
tolerance VIF association, cohesiveness or linear relationship between independent variables
in table it is known that the VIF value of the four variables is less than 10. And
CR (X1) 0.640 1,563 the tolerance value of the five variables is more than 0.100. Thus it can be
concluded that there is no multicollinearity in the data tested.
ROA(X2) 0.518 1930
DER(X3) 0.432 2,317
TATTOO (X4) 0.523 1912
Result
Research Model Autocorrelation Test Based on the table above, the DW value is 1.811. The dU and dL values seen in
Criteria Mark Information the Durbin Watson table are dU with k=5, k is the number of independent
variables, and n (number of data) = 90 is 1.7758 and the dL value is 1.5420. It
DL 1.5420 No Autocorrelation
Occurs can be concluded that dU < DW < 4 – dU ; means there is no positive or
negative correlation. 4 – dU = 4 – 1.7758 = 2.2242, it can be seen that 1.7758 <
DU 1.7758
1.811 < 2.2242. It can be concluded that the regression model above has no
autocorrelation problems, either positive or negative. From this, it can be
4-DU 2.2242
concluded that the data tested did not have autocorrelation problems.
Durbin-Watson 1,811
Result
Total Asset Turnover (TATO) is used to measure how efficient a company is in using assets and generating income. The lower the
TATO value, the higher the chance for a company to experience financial distress and vice versa, the higher the TATO value, the
lower the chance for a company to experience financial distress. According to (Anjasari et al., 2020) The downward trend in sales
over time can also be reflected in the low TATO value, so that the company does not have sufficient income to cover its operational
costs and financial obligations. This research is in line with the research by Agustini & Wirawati (2019) which states that the TATO
ratio has a significant negative effect on financial distress.
Conclusion
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of financial indicator factors on financial distress in manufacturing companies
in 2019-2021. Based on the analysis carried out using multiple regression analysis in the SPSS 25 program, it can be concluded that
the Ratio of Liquidity, Profitability, Leverage and Activity has a significant negative effect on predicting symptoms of financial
distress, because the higher the ratio, the less likely the company will experience financial distress, and conversely, the smaller the
ratio, the greater the risk of financial distress occurring in the company.
Result
Table of contents
01 02
Introduction Company
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Analysis Conclusion
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Conclusion Business views Financial plan
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