Javanese &

Sundanese
 Our Team

Jovian Wilbert Bobby Jansen Jonathan Reynard

Plaudo
Liando 109006202 109006267 110000167 C.
109060082 109033165
 1 2 The Sound
Basic Information System
Geographical The Script &
Distribution Writing System
Dialect
Genetic Affiliation
3 Morphosyntax 4 Lexicon
Morphological typology Language Contact
Word order typology Loanwords
Nouns and noun phrases
Table of Verbs and verb phrases

Contents 5 Cultural Information

Speech Style
Cultural-Related Issues
 1

Basic
Information
Geographical Distribution
Dialect
Genetic Affiliation
 Geographical Distribution
Javanese language ([bɔsɔ d͡ ʒɔwɔ])is a Regional Language in the island of Java

Family
Austronesian (Malayo-
Polynesian)
Language family
Speakers
98 Millions native
speakers ( 1st in
Australian Language)
Peoples
Most of them from the
Central & Eastern Island
of Java
 Dialects

Central Javanese Western Eastern Surinamese -

Javanese Javanese Javanese
Mataraman
60,000 Speaker and
Pekalongan Cirebon Arekan Osing mostly from Kedu
Kedu North Banten Tegal Jombang Residency, Central
Semarang Banyumas Tengger Java
East - North coast
Surinamese-Javanese Sranantongo Dutch English
Blora
Madiunan
sekaut skowtu schout policeman
 Sundanese Population Dist.
Sundanese Language , or more commonly known as Basa Sunda

Family
Austronesian (Malayo-
Polynesian)
Language family
Speakers
42 millions native
speakers

Peoples
Source: Most speakers are
Naim, Akhsan et, al. Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari
Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Badan Pusat Statistik. located in West Java
2011. ISBN 9789790644175

Map by /u/masjawad99 using mapchart.net

 Sundanese Dialects

Western Southeast Mid-East Northern North-East Southern

Sundanese Sundanese Sundanese Sundanese Sundanese Sundanese
Baduy Banyumas Majalengka Bogor Brebes Priangan
Banten Ciamis Pantai Utara Cirebon
 2

The Sound
System
The Script & Writing System
 Javanese
Vowels Sundanese

Closed syllables Open syllables Closed Syllables Open Syllables

/i u e o/ /e o/
are pronounced are pronounced é /ɛ/, e /ə/, a /a/
i /i/, eu /ɨ/, u /u/, o /ɔ/, are pronounced
[ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ] [ɛ ɔ] are pronounced [ɛ ə a]
Fun fact:
/a/ or [ɔ] is almost always pronounced to [i ɨ u ɔ]
end the sentence
 Consonant
Javanese

Sundanese
 Javanese Writing System
Modern Javanese Old Javanese

Low = Ngoko -> Informal speech, use between friend

Middle = Krama -> Status difference is unknown
High = Krama Inggil -> Polite & Formal style, higher
status
Javanese Writing System ( Base Word)

Nama = Name

Nama:
Saya = I

Saya :
Jaya =Jaya ( People Name)

Jaya:
Nama saya Jaya = My name is Jaya

Na Ma Sa Ya Ja Ya
Aksara Jawa Sandhangan (Vocal Diacritics)

La :
Li :
Lu :

Le :
Lo :
Lali : Forget

Lali :
Aksara Jawa Pasangan

Keraton Saya = My Palace

Without Pasangan :

Ke - Ra - To - Na - Sa - Ya

After Pasangan :

Ke - Ra - To - N - Sa - Ya

-> The function of Pasangan is to delete the

last “a”. So we will have “Keraton” not
“Keratona” by connecting the next word
“Sa-Ya”

Keraton Saya :
Sundanese Writing System ( Base Word)

Wasta = Name

Wasta : ᮝᮞ᮪ᮒ
Abdi = I

Abdi:
Kabayan (Name of a person)

These sets of words are called Kabayan:

“Aksara Ngagalena”
Wasta abdi Kabayan
 Sundanese Writing System ( Vowels &
Numbers)

Aksara Swara means, vowels

Angka means Numerals
Sundanese Writing System (Diacritics)
 3

Morphosyntax
Morphological typology
Word order typology
Nouns and noun phrases
Verbs and verb phrases
Javanese Morphological Typology
Javanese is an agglutinative language
E.g.
mangan (AV/to eat)
dipangan (PV/to be eaten)
panganan (Noun/food)

Affixes can change the first/last letters in a word

Javanese Word Order
The basic word order of Javanese is SVO (subject-verb-object)
E.g.
S V O
Aku mangan sega
1SG AV/to eat rice
I eat rice
 Javanese Noun and Noun Phrases
Suffixes are used to describe possession
E.g.
Klambi (shirt)
Klambiku (my shirt)

Reduplication denotes plurality

E.g.
Bocah (child)
Bocah-bocah (children)
 Javanese Noun and Noun Phrases
Personal pronoun Singular Plural

1st person aku kami/awak dhewe

2nd person kowe kowe kabeh

3rd person deke mereka

 Javanese verbs and verb phrases
E.g.
Present tense:
Aku mangan sega (I eat rice)
Present continuous tense :
Aku lagi mangan sega (I am eating rice)
Past tense :
Aku wis mangan sega (I already ate rice)
Future tense:
Aku sesuk mangan sega (I will eat rice tomorrow)
 Sundanese Morphological Typology
● Sundanese is an agglutinative language.
E.g.: Inum (to drink):
● Nginum (AV: to drink)
● Diinum (PV: was drunk by)
● Inuman (Noun: Drink)
 Sundanese Word Order Typology
● SVO (Head-initial, right-branching)
E.g.
S V O
Urang ngahurungkeun TV.
1SG AV.to turn on TV
‘I turn the TV on.’
 Sundanese Nouns and Noun Phrases
Nouns:
We usually use reduplication to denote plurality.
E.g. : Cangkir (cup)
Cangkir-cangkir (cups)

But, depending on the word, we could also use the infix ar to denote
plurality.
E.g. : Budak (child)
Barudak (children)
 Sundanese Nouns and Noun Phrases
Personal pronouns
Singular Plural
First Person Abdi/ Urang/ Aing Arurang
Second Person Anjeun/ Manéh/ Sia Aranjeun/ Maranéh
Third Person Anjeunna/ Manéhna/ Si éta Aranjeunna/ Maranéhna
 Sundanese Nouns and Noun Phrases
Adjectives and demonstratives are usually placed after the main noun.

E.g.:
1. Anjing eta.
Dog that
‘That dog.’
2. Awéwé geulis.
Girl pretty
‘Pretty girl.’
 Sundanese Verbs and Verb Phrases
Present tense: No change to the verb.
E.g.: Urang lalajo TV di imah. (I watch the TV at home,)

Present continuous: The usage of keur which shows that the action is being done
right now.
E.g. Urang keur lalajo TV. (I am watching TV.)
 Sundanese Verbs and Verb Phrases
Past Tense: Use ‘geus’ to indicate that the action was done in the past.
E.g.: Urang geus lalajo TV. (I have already watched the TV.)
OR, we could also use ‘time words’ to convey the message.
E.g.: Kamari urang lalajo TV. (I watched the TV yesterday.)

Future Tense: Use the ‘time words’ for the future

E.g.: Isukan urang bakal lalajo TV. (I will watch the TV tomorrow.)
Sundanese Verbs and Verb Phrases
“Time Words” examples

Sundanese English

Minggu Kamari Last week

Kamari Yesterday

Ayeuna Now

Isukan Tomorrow

Minggu Hareup Next week

 4

Lexicon
Language Contact
Loanwords
 Loanwords in Javanese
Loanwords from Sanskrit

Sanskrit Javanese English

karpāsa kapas cotton

cukra cuka vinegar

jagara jaga guard

çeşa sisa remainder

ayasa jasa work

 Loanwords in Sundanese
Loanwords from Arabic, Dutch, English

Arabic Sundanese English

ad-dunyaa dunya world

khawa:ti:run hawatir worried English Sundanese

television televisi (ti-vi)

Dutch Sundanese English handphone handphone (ha-pe)

docent dosén lecturer

politie pulisi police

 5

Cultural
Information
Speech Style
Cultural-Related Issues
 Speech Style - Javanese
Ngoko Krama Inggil
Low High
Casual Polite, Formal
Higher Status

Krama
Medium
Value of respect
Unfamiliar situations
Unknown status difference
 Speech Style - Javanese
Ngoko Krama Krama Inggil English

Becik Becik Sae Good

Murah Mirah Mirah Cheap

Gawe Damel Ngasta Work

Mata Mripat Soca Eye

 Speech Style - Javanese
Father is not sleeping

Ngoko Krama Krama Inggil

Bapak gak turu Bapak ora tilem Bapak mboten sare
 Speech Style - Sundanese
Loma Hormat
Polite
Casual
Show respect
Used with friends
Higher status
Elder person
 Speech Style - Sundanese
Loma Hormat English

Dahar Neda/Tuang Eat

Ceuli Cepil Ear

Leutik Alit Small

Kabeh Sadaya All

 Speech Style - Sundanese
Have you eaten?

Loma Hormat
Maneh geus dahar? Anjeun parantos tuang?
 Culture

Sundanese Batik Javanese Batik

Batik
 Culture

Traditional Food

Nasi Liwet Gudeg

Sate Rawon
Maranggi
 Culture - Javanese

Wayang
Traditional puppet drama that uses the shadows
against a translucent screen lit from behind.
 Culture - Sundanese

Botram
Represents simplicity and togetherness
Culture - Sundanese

Particle “teh”
E.g: “Abdi teh urang Sunda”
1SG teh person Sunda
I am Sundanese
 Culture

Javanese can’t marry a Sundanese?

 Culture

The marriage is not going to end well?

 Culture

MYTH
The marriage is not going to end well?
Thanks

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