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FF - HC.Mnt280709
FF - HC.Mnt280709
in
BUILDING
Fire Fighting, House keeping and Maintenance
02. Foam: Foam has three constituents, foam compound (3%-6% Aqueous
Film Forming Foam AFFF; ARC; ..) , air and water. Foam is a deoxidizing agent
when released on fire makes a blanket over the flame and creates smothering
effect to douse fire. Normal foam expand at the ratio 6 and 8 to 1 and high
expansion foams expand at the ratio between 600 and 1000 to 1.
03. CO2: CO2 is also an effective fire extinguishing agent. When released on
fire it seizes O2. Thus insufficiency of O2 retards the fire .
01. Water or APW (air-pressurized water) Extinguishers are suitable for class
A fires only. Water extinguishers are filled with water and pressurized with
oxygen. Only fight the fire occurred on ordinary combustible materials only.
Water extinguishers must not be used on grease fire, electrical fires or class D
fires - the flames will spread and make the fire bigger!
02. Dry Chemical Extinguishers come in a variety of types and are suitable
for a combination of class A, B and C fires. These are filled with foam or
powder and pressurized with Nitrogen.
03. CO2 Extinguishers are used for class B and C fires. CO2 extinguishers
contain carbon dioxide, a non-flammable gas, and are highly pressurized. The
pressure is so great that it is not uncommon for bits of dry ice to shoot out the
nozzle. They don't work very well on class A fires because they may not be
able to displace enough oxygen to put the fire out, causing it to re-ignite.
CO2 extinguishers have an advantage over dry chemical extinguishers since
they don't leave a harmful residue - a good choice for an electrical fire on a
computer or other favorite electronic device such as a stereo or TV.
Various Extinguishers Effective for different type of fires.
1. Water reservoir
2. Pump
a. Fire pump
b. Jokey pump Hose Station
Fire
Pump
GF
Water
Drain valve
Reservoir
Basement
Water Storage Requirement for fire fighting. Table 4.41. BNBC
Jockey Pump
A jockey pump is a small pump connected to a fire sprinkler system and is
intended to maintain pressure in a fire protection piping system to an artificially
high level so that the operation of a single fire sprinkler will cause an
appreciable pressure drop which will be easily sensed by the fire pump
automatic controller, causing the fire pump to start. The jockey pump is
essentially a portion of the fire pump's control system.
Engine Driven Fire Pump
The engine driven high pressure fire pumps delivers up to 156 PSI and 250
GPM. They shall be equipped with an exhaust primer and can handle solids
up to 5/16" diameter. All units have a built-in check valve and include a
discharge pressure gauge, brass hose adapters. A portable 6.5 gallon fuel
tank with a 6 foot fuel line and primer bulb is also available with electric start
(less battery).
Engine 13 HP Kohler
Inlet 2 1/2"
Outlet 1 1/2"
Start Type Pull Start
Fire Pumping System Requirements
When a fire pump system consisting of two automatic pumps, at least one
shall be driven by a compression ignition (diesel) engine. Each pump shall be
capable of providing required pressure and flow independently.
In both the system pumps shall be capable of operating in parallel, i.e. with
similar pressure and flow characteristics.
Automatic starting of pumping system shall be tested weekly.
Automatic starting of pumping system shall at the same time provide a visual
and audible alarm at suitable location preferably at control room.
Motor switches shall be clearly labeled and well instructed .
Stand Pipe or Riser:
Riser shall be located within a lobby approaching staircase or lift or within the
staircase when there is no lobby. There shall be one stand pipe for each 1000
sqm of floor area. The static pressure in stand pipe shall not exceed 650 kPa
at hose outlet.
Type of Stand pipe: There are two types of stand pipes or risers basing on
their operating system. They are
01. Wet riser/stand pipe and
02. Dry riser/stand pipe
In wet riser system the piping is kept filled with water and pressure in the
system is maintained by installing pumping system.
In dry riser system the piping is not kept filled with water. To run the system
pump shall have to operated first.
Stand Pipe Sizing (Table 4.4.2 BNBC)
No storey Building height (m) Size of Stand pipe (mm)
Up to 5 Up to 17 75*
Up to 10 Up to 33 100
10 to 20 33 to 63 150
20 to 54 63 to 165 200
*This size may be used only for occupancy group A1, A2 & A4.
Hose real
Stand
pipe
Angle valve
2-1/2” dia pipe
Notes :
* Maximum distance in m. between sprinklers and between line of piping.
** The definitions of these terms are given in Table 4.4.1
*** Storage facilities which permit closely piled materials over 4.5 m or materials
on rack over 3.6 m.
Table 4.4.5: Size of Water Supply Steel Pipe to Sprinklers
Brass Plain Hose Nozzle Nozzle sizes and the operating pressure.
Best
Nozzle Orifice operating
Nozzle Size
The horizontal reach of a length size Pressure
(psi)
jet. (Rule of thumbs)
3/4" NPSH 6" 1/4"
= Np/2 + 45 ft
(for nozzle pressure 1" NPSH 8" 5/16"
Np 50 – 90 psi) 1-1/4" NPSH 10" 3/8"
1-1/2" NPSH 10" 1/2" 35
2" NPSH 12" 9/16"
2-1/2" NPSH 12" 1" 100
Polycarbonate Plain Hose Nozzle
Hose Nozzle: Fog Stream
A fog nozzle is a firefighting hose nozzle that breaks the water that flows
through it into tiny droplets of water. The theory is that small droplets of water
create more surface area than a solid stream created by a smooth bore nozzle.
The water absorbs the heat, turns into steam, and displaces the oxygen,
smothering the fire. With the increase of surface area, this job is done quicker.
Specially designed fog nozzles may have no stream adjustment facility for use
on Class B & C hazards.
Building code specifies the location of fire department connections with regard
to street frontages of the building.