The shot James

was made made the

by James. shot.
 The novel Dr. Jose
was written Rizal Wrote
by Dr. Jose the Novel.
Rizal.
LESSON 4:
Active and
Passive Voice
Voice
•is a feature of a verb that
indicates whether the subject
of a sentence is the doer or
the receiver of the action.
 Active Voice
is the “normal” voice. This is
the voice that we use most of
the time. A sentence in the
active voice shows the subject
as the doer of the action.
 Passive Voice
•denotes the subject
as the receiver of
the action.
He has been
teaching English
for ten years.
 Present Perfect Tense

He has been
teaching English
for ten years.
A cake was made
by my mother
yesterday.
A cake was made
by my mother
yesterday.
A lot of crops were
damaged by the
heavy rain in Davao
City.
A lot of crops were
damaged by the
heavy rain in Davao
City.
She has written a
novel.
She has written a
novel.
You should do
your homework.
You should do
your homework.
Have you
finished the
report?
 Have you
finished the
report?
This experience will
never be forgotten
by me.
This experience will
never be forgotten
by me.
I am being helped by
Alex to solve the
active and passive
voice quiz.
I am being helped by
Alex to solve the
active and passive
voice quiz.
“Sungka” was
being played
yesterday by me.
“Sungka” was
being played
yesterday by me.
A poem will have
been written by me
by the time you call
me.
A poem will have
been written by me
by the time you call
me.
VOICES OF VERBS AND THEIR INDICATORS
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
• The DOER is the SUBJECT • The RECEIVER of the action
in the sentence. is the SUBJECT in the
• The SUBJECT performs sentence.
the action. • There is the word “by”
• The verbs main verbs are in
Past Participle form.
• The Subject cannot perform
the action.
When a verb is changed from the active voice to passive voice in
a sentence, three changes take place:
1. The object of the active voice becomes the subject of the
passive voice.
2. The verb in the active voice becomes a verb phrase that
follows this formula:

3. The subject in the active voice becomes the object of a

preposition by in the passive voice.
 SINGULAR PLURAL MODAL VERBS

PAST WAS WERE

HAD
PAST PERFECT

PRESENT IS ARE

PRESENT S-FORM of VERB BASE FORM of VERB

PRESENT PERFECT HAS HAVE

WILL, SHALL, COULD, SHOULD,

FUTURE
MIGHT, CAN
 PRESENT
For PLURAL For SINGULAR For SIMPLE
PAST For PAST
SUBJECT SUBJECT PAST TENSE PERFECT TENSE

Base Form S- Form Past Tense Past Participle

DRIVE DRIVES DROVE DRIVEN

IRREGULAR

TAKE TAKES TOOK TAKEN

FIGHT FIGHTS FOUGHT FOUGHT

FLY FLIES FLEW FLOWN

DECIDE DECIDES DECIDED DECIDED

REGULAR

FINISH FINISHES FINISHED FINISHED

PLAY PLAYS PLAYED PLAYED

Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry writes the letters

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action
Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry writes the letters

The letters are written by Harry

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action
Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry Is
is writing the letters

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action
Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry Is writing the letters

The letters are being written by Harry

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action
Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry wrote the letters

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action
Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry wrote the letters

The letters were written by Harry

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action
Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry was writing the letters

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action
Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry was writing the letters

The letters were being written by Harry

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action
Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry has written the letters

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action
Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry has written the letters

Plural
Singular
Subject
Subject

The letters have been written by Harry

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action
Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry had written the letters

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action
Transforming ACTIVE VOICE to PASSIVE VOICE

Harry had written the letters

Plural
Singular
Subject
Subject

The letters had been written by Harry

Maintain the tense of the verb by adding

Add “by” next to the doer
a “be verb” and transform the verb to
past participle. of the action