Types of Text:

By Ms. Bennett
Text
 Diction – Choice of words for a message.
 Adjectives and Adverbs
 Nouns
 Verbs
 Prepositions
 Syntax – [Structure] Arrangement of words
to transmit a clear message.
 Both are used to create a readable text and
sense-making communication.
 Five (5) Domains of Text:
 Narrative
 Autobiographical Writing
 Biographical Writing
 Short Story [The 5 W’s; When, Where, Who, What, Why]
 Descriptive
 Creative Writing
 Sensory Writing [The 5 Senses; Poetry/Lyrics]
 Persuasive
 Editorial and Advertisement Writing
 Speech Writing
 Expository [Exposes the reader to new information]
 Informational Writing [Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, etc.]
 Research Reports
 Everyday, Career, and Technical Writing
 Response to Literature
 Compare and Contrast Writing
 Cause and Effect Writing
 Writing to a Specific Task/Prompt
We can Predict text types…
 Author (Who wrote it?)
 Author Background Connection
 Format (How is it structured?)
 Titles, Headings, Paragraphs, Stanzas, Columns
 Audience (Who is it written for?)
 Pictures help for this prediction
 Content (What is it about?)
 Pictures help for this prediction
 Motive (Why is it written?)
 Pleasure, Persuasion, Information, Task/Prompt
Narrative Text =
Writing that tells a story.
 Stories, novels, fables, and folk lore
are the most common narrative texts.
 This text is written in the When,
Where, Who, What and Why format.
 Autobiographies, biographies, and
personal stories are written narratively.
 • A little girl in a village
 Amelia’s house was in a quiet place. It was a hilly village;
the garden of her house was very beautiful. Flowers with
various colors grew there. Amelia grew some roses. She's a
nature lover. One day Amelia closed her book. She felt tired
after studying hard. She stood by the window. She could see
the mountain from there. It was a beautiful bluish
green. "How wonderful it would be if I could reach the top
of that mountain without climbing."
"If you want to fly up there, follow me," said a soft voice.
Amelia was surprised. "Who are you? Why did you come in
without permission?"
"My name is Yuli. My home is a bit far from here. I want to
be your friend, Amelia," said the girl.
  "You know my name," said Amelia.
"I often hear your mother calling you," Yuli answered. She reached
out her hand to Amelia. Amelia shook Yuli's hand.
"Why is your hand so cold? Are you ill?" asked Amelia, worried.
"I haven't been to school for few days," said Yuli.
"If you were sick, why aren't you in bed now?" asked Amelia.
"The fresh air will make me better, Amelia," said Yuli pulled
Amelia's hand. She wanted Amelia to follow her.
"Oh, no. I cannot go now. I must do my homework."
"Okay. How about tomorrow? My mother will make some delicious
cakes for me. You must taste some, Yuli," said Amelia.
"Thanks Amelia. You are so kind." Yuli waved to Amelia and then
she was gone. Amelia's mother was puzzled to see her daughter
talking alone.
Narrative text includes these elements:
- Exposition
setting (time/place)
character introduction
conflict (theme) introduction
-Plot [begins the Rising Action]
characters
conflicts (problems)
similes and metaphors
-Climax [begins the Falling Action]
characters meet the greatest conflict
-Resolution/Denoument
conflicts become resolved
moral and theme are realized
 Graphic Organizer for Narrative
Text: Climax

Resolution

Exposition
Descriptive Text =
Sensory and detailed writing
 Poetry and Creative text-types are the most
common descriptive texts.
 This type of writing creates an experience
for the reader through the use of sensory
language.
 Sight
 Smell
 Sound
 Taste
 Touch
 To say what an ideal friend is is not the
easiest thing to do. Each person has his or
her own perception of what one would be.
However, speaking generally, there are
certain attributes that most people deem
characteristic of an ideal friend. Loyal,
trustworthy, open to show weakness,
caring, reassuring, and inspiring are
common qualities that the majority of
people attach to ideal friends.
 Loyalty is a usual attribute given to ideal
friends. According to Psychology Today,
“Loyalty is valued early on in all of our
relationships, from the time we make our
first friendships. We need friends who
won’t spill our secrets to others, gossip
about us, or allow others to criticize us”
(“The 13 Essential Traits of Good
Friends”). The worst action between
friends is double crossing one individual,
or not keeping one’s word.
Persuasive Text =
Writing that tries to convince you to
think a certain way.
 Speeches, advertisement writing, and opinion
letters, articles or essays are the most common
persuasive texts.
 This text uses a specific format, which includes
pro and con sides of an issue.
 Exclamatory and emphatic language is used to
persuade the reader to the author’s viewpoint.
Elements of Persuasive Text:
-Main Idea/Argument
author’s statement/side of issue
intended purpose to the reader
reveals silliness of opposing side
-Supporting Ideas [For and Against/Pro and Con]
facts vs. opinions
comparisons and contrasts
*persuasive techniques – exaggeration (over and under
statements of facts), repetition of pro or con “catch
words,” name-calling, visual examples
-Closing Argument
logic and opinion
 Rich Does Not Mean Happy
The discussion on money and happiness
has been going on for a long time. There
are some who believe that the more
money you have, the happier you are.
People are busy indulging in different
activities while trying to be happy. You
can buy food, clothing, shelter and other
things that people need but these are just
physical things.
Money satisfies the physical needs of the
person, but people need to understand that
happiness is not physical. It is an inner
feeling that a person has.

Those who rely on money will always

count on getting more and will never be
satisfied with the money they have. People
who possess a lot of money have more
things than others who have a moderate
amount.
Expository/Informational Text =
Text that exposes new information to
the reader or explains or gives
information about a topic.
Functional Documents and Everyday
Documents are also expository text.
 Types of Expository/
Informational text:

 Textbooks
 Encyclopedias
 Research and Data Reports
 Maps, Tables, and Timelines
Elements of Informational Text:
-A Central Purpose
What the author wants you to learn
Overview of the main points covered
- Main Idea/Point
Headings
The most important point made
- Supporting Ideas/Concepts/Details
Subheadings
Details
- Illustrations
Supporting these details
Types of Functional Documents:
*Documents you interact with; one that requires an
action on the readers part.
 Agreements/Contracts
(Rules, Policies, Loans, etc.)
 Memo’s and “Fill-In” Forms
 Applications (Career)
 Check Lists
 Rubrics and Evaluation Forms
Types of Everyday Text:
*Documents/text you see everyday
 Schedules
 Directions
 Instruction Manuals (Technical)
 “How to Operate” Manuals (Technical)
 Media-Signs and Symbols
Elements of Functional and Everyday Text:
- Organized Information
Planned, edited, and revised
- Sequence of Data
Roman Numeral Outline Format
EX: I, A, 1, a,
- Steps to Follow
Numbered Format
EX: 1., 2., 3.
- Relevant Data – Details
Bulleted Format
EX: , , 
- Visual Schematics with Labels
Ways Students Can Spend Their Leisure
Time
A student’s life is often hectic. Moving from
class to class, ingesting lots of information, a
load of coursework and preparing for
examinations is a lot to handle. The leisure time
a student gets should be treasured and used
wisely. Sadly, most students in today’s society
spend their free time indulging in activities that
are harmful to their well-being such as ingesting
alcohol and drugs.
. Precious leisure time can be used to
decompress using meaningful but still
relaxing activities. Leisure time should
contribute to a student’s physical,
mental and spiritual well-being. These
three areas will contribute to a more
wholesome student.
 Artistic Pursuits
Students should be involved in arts during their
leisure time. This activity is vital especially for
those students studying scientific courses. Those
studying artistic courses should practice other
arts as well. Arts are critical to developing our
creativity. Creativity assists students to be more
critical and original thinkers in their day to day
lives. Studying new skills causes the brain to
grow. It is challenging as well as exciting
 Arts are also a way of self-expression. Self-expression is vital in giving a student a
release from the pressures of everyday life. A student may also discover hidden
talents in this regard which he may go on to make a living out later in life. The arts
could teach a student how to live passionately which is solely lacking in the modern
world. A student gains much virtue from drawing, painting, and writing among other
arts. Such virtues spill over into other areas of their lives.
 The Resiliency of a Filipino
by William G. Bacani

B : Filipino is resilient
G : Since time immemorial, we are tested by countless calamities; volcanic
eruptions, devastating earthquakes and lahar flows, super typhoons, flash
floods and landslides.
B : Victoriously, we surmounted these ordeals and pains, beyond imagination of
the human race
G : Instant death of our loved ones, claimed by transportation mishaps and
natural disasters. Thousands also die in hunger and malnutrition.
All : Including ambushes and endless wars in Mindanao. They trampled our
basic human rights, such as the right to live
G (solo) : I lost my loving husband, who didn't want to join Abu Sayyaf.
G (solo) : I lost my only son, who opted to become a military man.
G : We lost our innocent children and women, we lost our homes and
properties.
B : Survivors are Filipinos. The wrath of nature and cruel destiny may steal
everything from us.
 B (solo) : Wealth, properties, and family
All : But the Filipinos never give up
B : For us we are continuously scourged by
the test of time. The spirit to survive and to
bounce back remains undefeated
All : I'm as pliant as a bamboo for I'm a man
of Earth
G : My hair may all be blown away by the
winds
B : And my legs may be crippled by the
smash of waves
 All : But I will stand and pick up the shattered pieces of myself and continue to
live
B : Resolute to survive, clothed with an inspiration to live, not only for my family
but also for my beloved country
All : Filipinos unite in the midst of crisis, regardless of socio-economic status,
tradition and creed
G : The world has seen the magnanimous spirit of the Filipinos in crucial times.
All : The gap between the rich and the poor was narrowed
G (solo) : Envy was replaced by sympathy
G (solo) : Hatred was conquered by love
B (solo) : Selfishness was set aside
B : And saving one's live is the ultimate desire
All : History tells us that the Filipinos have captured innumerable foes, natural
and not. And shall always strive to champion in all odds. Because innate in the
Filipino is the will to survive
B : We may be daunted by the horrible scenes around us. But certainly, we will be
strengthened by our unwavering faith in God.
G : We have been lotted by many nations in the world, for our resiliency during
disasters, others die in saving lives.
All : But only few realize, that we are able to survive,
because our spirit to fight is deeply anchored from
faith, that God Almighty will never forsake us.
B (solo) : I believe that Filipinos, divided by varied
doctrines and cultures, are capable to be on top of any
situation, if united
All : Together, we can face any challenge ahead of us.
B : We may stumble and fall
All : But we will bounce back, arms stronger with
vision and faith, that after darkness, after pains and
sufferings, the Filipino survives, the Filipino is
resilient.